Fix Merge, cleaned up UI

app/src/androidTest/java/com/example/jnicpp/bowling/VideoStepReplayTest.kt

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class VideoStepReplayTest {
                 val frame = buildPoseFrame(t, landmarks, smoothedAnkleHip, angles)
                 val result = liveStepDetector.update(frame)
                 finalStepCount = result.stepCount
-                logger.log(landmarks, t, finalStepCount, result.handRaiseProgress)
+                logger.log(landmarks, t, finalStepCount)
                 framesProcessed++
             }
             t += stepMs

app/src/main/java/com/example/jnicpp/bowling/BowlingCameraActivity.kt

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
 import androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle
 import androidx.lifecycle.lifecycleScope
 import androidx.lifecycle.repeatOnLifecycle
-import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
 import com.example.jnicpp.R
 import com.example.jnicpp.databinding.ActivityBowlingCameraBinding
 import com.google.mlkit.vision.pose.PoseLandmark
@@ -73,22 +72,12 @@ class BowlingCameraActivity : AppCompatActivity(), CameraXController.Callback {
     // doc. Open only while a recording is in progress.
     private lateinit var debugSessionLogger: DebugSessionLogger
 
-    // Rendering for the step-counter card and hold-to-reset indicator --
+    // Rendering for the step-counter card --
     // see StepCounterUiController's class doc for why this isn't just
     // inline here.
     private lateinit var stepCounterUi: StepCounterUiController
     // class for FeedbackUI
     private lateinit var feedbackUI: FeedbackUI
-    private val stepLabels = listOf<Int>(
-        R.string.pose_phase_waiting,
-        R.string.pose_phase_starting_stance,
-        R.string.first_step,
-        R.string.second_step,
-        R.string.third_step,
-        R.string.fourth_step,
-        R.string.end_position
-    )
-    private var currentStepIndex = 0
 
     private val permissionLauncher =
         registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions()) { _: Map<String, Boolean> ->
@@ -119,10 +108,7 @@ class BowlingCameraActivity : AppCompatActivity(), CameraXController.Callback {
         stepCounterUi = StepCounterUiController(
             context = this,
             cardStepCounter = binding.cardStepCounter,
-            textStepCountBig = binding.textStepCountBig,
-            layoutResetHint = binding.layoutResetHint,
-            progressHandRaise = binding.progressHandRaise,
-            textResetHint = binding.textResetHint
+            textStepCountBig = binding.textStepCountBig
         )
         feedbackUI = FeedbackUI(this, binding.root)
 
@@ -139,7 +125,6 @@ class BowlingCameraActivity : AppCompatActivity(), CameraXController.Callback {
                 startActivity(Intent(this, ParameterEditorActivity::class.java))
             }
         }
-        binding.btnShowStep.setOnClickListener { onStepIncrease() }
 
         observeViewModel()
 
@@ -271,15 +256,8 @@ class BowlingCameraActivity : AppCompatActivity(), CameraXController.Callback {
                 }
                 launch {
                     viewModel.poseStageFeedback.collect { feedback ->
-                        binding.textPoseFeedback.text = feedback
-                        binding.textPoseFeedback.visibility = if (feedback != null) View.VISIBLE else View.GONE
-                    }
-                }
-                launch {
-                    viewModel.handRaiseProgress.collect { progress ->
-                        stepCounterUi.renderHandRaiseProgress(
-                            progress
-                        )
+                        binding.textPoseStageFeedback?.text = feedback
+                        binding.textPoseStageFeedback?.visibility = if (feedback != null) View.VISIBLE else View.GONE
                     }
                 }
                 // Deliberately its own collector, independent of stepEvents
@@ -338,8 +316,6 @@ class BowlingCameraActivity : AppCompatActivity(), CameraXController.Callback {
                 // (see ParameterEditorActivity's class doc), so only offer
                 // it while there isn't one already in progress.
                 binding.btnEditor.visibility = View.VISIBLE
-                // Feedback UI - buttons only shown when recording
-                binding.btnShowStep.isEnabled = false
             }
             is CameraViewModel.RecordingState.Starting -> {
                 // Can't stop a recording that hasn't started yet, and pose
@@ -347,8 +323,6 @@ class BowlingCameraActivity : AppCompatActivity(), CameraXController.Callback {
                 binding.btnRecord.isEnabled = false
                 binding.switchPose.isEnabled = false
                 binding.btnEditor.visibility = View.GONE
-                binding.btnShowStep.isEnabled = true
-                binding.btnShowStep.setText(R.string.pose_phase_waiting)
             }
             is CameraViewModel.RecordingState.Recording -> {
                 binding.btnRecord.isEnabled = true
@@ -360,7 +334,6 @@ class BowlingCameraActivity : AppCompatActivity(), CameraXController.Callback {
                 val minutes = state.elapsedSeconds / 60
                 val seconds = state.elapsedSeconds % 60
                 binding.textTimer.text = String.format(Locale.US, "%02d:%02d", minutes, seconds)
-                binding.btnShowStep.isEnabled = true
             }
         }
     }
@@ -382,28 +355,28 @@ class BowlingCameraActivity : AppCompatActivity(), CameraXController.Callback {
      */
     private fun renderPosePhase(poseEnabled: Boolean, phase: BowlingPhase?) {
         if (!poseEnabled) {
-            binding.textPoseFeedback.visibility = View.GONE
+            binding.textPoseFeedback?.visibility = View.GONE
             return
         }
-        binding.textPoseFeedback.visibility = View.VISIBLE
+        binding.textPoseFeedback?.visibility = View.VISIBLE
         // Every other BowlingPhase falls back to the "waiting" message too --
         // see PosePhaseDetector's class doc, only STARTING_STANCE is detected today.
         when (phase) {
             BowlingPhase.STARTING_STANCE -> {
-                binding.textPoseFeedback.text = getString(R.string.pose_phase_starting_stance)
-                binding.textPoseFeedback.setBackgroundColor(ContextCompat.getColor(this, R.color.Starting_stance_ready))
+                binding.textPoseFeedback?.text = getString(R.string.pose_phase_starting_stance)
+                binding.textPoseFeedback?.setBackgroundColor(ContextCompat.getColor(this, R.color.Starting_stance_ready))
             }
             BowlingPhase.APPROACH -> {
-                binding.textPoseFeedback.text = getString(R.string.pose_phase_approach)
-                binding.textPoseFeedback.setBackgroundColor(ContextCompat.getColor(this, R.color.Approach_ready))
+                binding.textPoseFeedback?.text = getString(R.string.pose_phase_approach)
+                binding.textPoseFeedback?.setBackgroundColor(ContextCompat.getColor(this, R.color.Approach_ready))
             }
             BowlingPhase.PUSHAWAY -> {
-                binding.textPoseFeedback.text = getString(R.string.pose_phase_pushaway)
-                binding.textPoseFeedback.setBackgroundColor(ContextCompat.getColor(this, R.color.Pushaway_ready))
+                binding.textPoseFeedback?.text = getString(R.string.pose_phase_pushaway)
+                binding.textPoseFeedback?.setBackgroundColor(ContextCompat.getColor(this, R.color.Pushaway_ready))
             }
             else -> {
-                binding.textPoseFeedback.text = getString(R.string.pose_phase_waiting)
-                binding.textPoseFeedback.setBackgroundColor(ContextCompat.getColor(this, R.color.Starting_stance_waiting))
+                binding.textPoseFeedback?.text = getString(R.string.pose_phase_waiting)
+                binding.textPoseFeedback?.setBackgroundColor(ContextCompat.getColor(this, R.color.Starting_stance_waiting))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -524,8 +497,7 @@ class BowlingCameraActivity : AppCompatActivity(), CameraXController.Callback {
         debugSessionLogger.log(
             result.landmarks,
             frameTimestampMs,
-            viewModel.stepEvents.value.size,
-            viewModel.handRaiseProgress.value
+            viewModel.stepEvents.value.size
         )
 
         if (frameTimestampMs - lastLandmarkLogMs >= 1000) {
@@ -553,18 +525,4 @@ class BowlingCameraActivity : AppCompatActivity(), CameraXController.Callback {
         cameraExecutor.shutdown()
         debugSessionLogger.stop()
     }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Advances the step index and updates the step button label.
-     *
-     * This method increments the current step index, cycling back to zero
-     * once the end of the [stepLabels] list is reached. It then updates the
-     * `btnShowStep` text to reflect the new step, ensuring the UI button
-     * always displays the correct label for the current position in the
-     * sequence.
-     */
-    fun onStepIncrease() {
-        currentStepIndex = (currentStepIndex + 1) % stepLabels.size
-        binding.btnShowStep.setText(stepLabels[currentStepIndex])
-    }
 }

app/src/main/java/com/example/jnicpp/bowling/CameraViewModel.kt

@@ -73,25 +73,6 @@ class CameraViewModel(application: Application) : AndroidViewModel(application)
     /** @brief Time-ordered pose samples buffered for the current/most recent recording session. */
     val poseFrames: List<PoseFrame> get() = stepCountingSession.poseFrames
 
-    // Extra SMA smoothing for ankle/hip landmarks specifically, on top of
-    // PoseLandmarkSmoother's per-frame EMA -- see AnkleHipMovingAverageFilter.
-    // Reset (not replaced) alongside the buffer so a new session's window
-    // doesn't lerp in from the previous one's last few frames.
-    private val ankleHipSmoother = AnkleHipMovingAverageFilter()
-
-    // Live, incremental step counting for the current recording -- see
-    // LiveStepDetector. Normally resets itself mid-recording when the
-    // bowler holds a stationary "ready" stance again, so one recording can
-    // capture several practice approaches back to back.
-    //
-    // TEMP (testing): stillness-reset disabled while validating raw step
-    // detection against YouTube reference clips instead of a live bowler --
-    // an incidental pause in a clip (or in pointing a webcam at one) was
-    // getting misread as "attempt over" and zeroing the count before it
-    // reached 5. Flip enableStillnessReset back to true (or just drop the
-    // argument) once detection itself is confirmed reliable.
-    private val liveStepDetector = LiveStepDetector(enableStillnessReset = false)
-
     // Live delivery-phase classification (starting stance, approach, etc)
     private val posePhaseDetector = PosePhaseDetector()
     private val _posePhase = MutableStateFlow<BowlingPhase?>(null)
@@ -105,17 +86,8 @@ class CameraViewModel(application: Application) : AndroidViewModel(application)
     //This frame's torso/knee/elbow angle readings, or null if pose detection is off.
     val poseMetrics: StateFlow<PosePhaseDetector.Metrics?> = _poseMetrics.asStateFlow()
 
-    // Steps detected so far in the current attempt (since the last reset,
-    // whether that reset was a new recording starting or the bowler
-    // returning to a stationary stance mid-recording -- see
-    // onPoseFrameUpdated and LiveStepDetector). The UI reads events.size
-    // as the "Step N" counter. Stays populated after recording stops so
-    // the last attempt's count remains visible.
-    private val _stepEvents = MutableStateFlow<List<StepEvent>>(emptyList())
     /** @brief Steps detected so far in the current attempt, since the last reset. */
     val stepEvents: StateFlow<List<StepEvent>> get() = stepCountingSession.stepEvents
-    /** @brief Progress toward the hold-to-reset gesture, from 0 to 1. */
-    val handRaiseProgress: StateFlow<Float> get() = stepCountingSession.handRaiseProgress
 
     // Live "how's my form right now" cue for whichever step is currently in
     // progress -- see PoseStageAdvisor. Recomputed every frame alongside
@@ -173,31 +145,28 @@ class CameraViewModel(application: Application) : AndroidViewModel(application)
      */
     fun onPoseFrameUpdated(landmarks: Map<Int, SmoothedLandmark>, angles: PoseAngles) {
         _poseAngles.value = angles
-        val phaseResult = posePhaseDetector.update(landmarks, angles) //for pose detector
+
+        // Update pose phase detector with this frame's landmarks and angles
+        val phaseResult = posePhaseDetector.update(landmarks, angles)
         _posePhase.value = phaseResult.phase
         _poseMetrics.value = phaseResult.metrics
+
+        // Check if the current pose matches the Starting Stance
+        val isStartingStance = (phaseResult.phase == BowlingPhase.STARTING_STANCE)
+                || posePhaseDetector.isStartingStanceValid(phaseResult.metrics)
+                || (PoseStageAdvisor.feedback(stepEvents.value.size.takeIf { it > 0 }, angles)?.contains("Starting position") == true)
+
         if (_recordingState.value is RecordingState.Recording) {
-            stepCountingSession.onFrame(landmarks, angles, System.currentTimeMillis())
-            /*val smoothedAnkleHip = ankleHipSmoother.smooth(landmarks)
-            val frame = buildPoseFrame(
-                timestampMs = System.currentTimeMillis(),
+            stepCountingSession.onFrame(
                 landmarks = landmarks,
-                smoothedAnkleHip = smoothedAnkleHip,
+                angles = angles,
+                timestampMs = System.currentTimeMillis(),
+                isStartingPosition = isStartingStance
+            )
+            _poseStageFeedback.value = PoseStageAdvisor.feedback(
+                stepNumber = stepEvents.value.size.takeIf { it > 0 },
                 angles = angles
             )
-            poseFrameBuffer.add(frame)
-
-            val result = liveStepDetector.update(frame)
-            if (result.wasReset) {
-                _stepEvents.value = emptyList()
-            }
-            if (result.newSteps.isNotEmpty()) {
-                _stepEvents.value = _stepEvents.value + result.newSteps
-            }
-            _poseStageFeedback.value = PoseStageAdvisor.feedback(
-                stepNumber = _stepEvents.value.size.takeIf { it > 0 },
-                angles = angles
-            )*/
         }
     }
 

app/src/main/java/com/example/jnicpp/bowling/DebugSessionLogger.kt

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class DebugSessionLogger(private val appContext: Context) {
         writer?.let {
             it.write(
                 "timestampMs dtMs ankleL(y,lik) ankleR(y,lik) hipL(y,lik) hipR(y,lik) shoulderL(y,lik) shoulderR(y,lik) " +
-                    "wristL(y,lik) wristR(y,lik) torsoScalePx stepCount handRaiseProgress"
+                    "wristL(y,lik) wristR(y,lik) torsoScalePx stepCount"
             )
             it.newLine()
             it.flush()
@@ -84,9 +84,8 @@ class DebugSessionLogger(private val appContext: Context) {
      * @param landmarks EMA-smoothed landmarks for this frame, keyed by ML Kit's `PoseLandmark` type constant.
      * @param timestampMs Wall-clock time this frame was analyzed, in milliseconds.
      * @param stepCount Current cumulative step count at the time of this frame.
-     * @param handRaiseProgress Current hold-to-reset gesture progress (0-1) at the time of this frame.
      */
-    fun log(landmarks: Map<Int, SmoothedLandmark>, timestampMs: Long, stepCount: Int, handRaiseProgress: Float) {
+    fun log(landmarks: Map<Int, SmoothedLandmark>, timestampMs: Long, stepCount: Int) {
         val out = writer ?: return
 
         val ankleL = landmarks[PoseLandmark.LEFT_ANKLE]
@@ -109,8 +108,7 @@ class DebugSessionLogger(private val appContext: Context) {
             "${format(shoulderL)} ${format(shoulderR)} " +
             "${format(wristL)} ${format(wristR)} " +
             "${torsoScale?.let { "%.1f".format(it) } ?: "-"} " +
-            "$stepCount " +
-            "%.2f".format(handRaiseProgress)
+            "$stepCount"
 
         try {
             out.write(line)

app/src/main/java/com/example/jnicpp/bowling/DetectorSettings.kt

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ package com.example.jnicpp.bowling
 import android.content.Context
 
 /**
- * @brief The five values [LiveStepDetector] takes to control step/reset
+ * @brief The values [LiveStepDetector] takes to control step/reset
  *        sensitivity, as a persistable bundle.
  *
  * Exists so these can be tuned from [ParameterEditorActivity] without a
@@ -18,32 +18,24 @@ import android.content.Context
  * @param minSpacingMs Minimum time, in milliseconds, between two accepted step peaks for the same foot.
  * @param minProminenceRatio Minimum required peak prominence, as a fraction of torso scale.
  * @param maxFrameJumpRatio Maximum single-frame ankle-y movement, as a fraction of torso scale, still trusted as real motion.
- * @param handRaiseHoldMs How long, in milliseconds, a hand must stay raised (allowing brief drops) to trigger a reset.
- * @param handRaiseMarginRatio How far a wrist must sit above its shoulder, as a fraction of torso scale, to count as "raised".
  */
 data class DetectorSettings(
     val minSpacingMs: Long,
     val minProminenceRatio: Float,
-    val maxFrameJumpRatio: Float,
-    val handRaiseHoldMs: Long,
-    val handRaiseMarginRatio: Float
+    val maxFrameJumpRatio: Float
 ) {
     companion object {
         /** @brief Same values as [LiveStepDetector]'s own constructor defaults. */
         val DEFAULT = DetectorSettings(
             minSpacingMs = 300L,
             minProminenceRatio = 0.15f,
-            maxFrameJumpRatio = 0.25f,
-            handRaiseHoldMs = 5000L,
-            handRaiseMarginRatio = 0.05f
+            maxFrameJumpRatio = 0.25f
         )
 
         private const val PREFS_NAME = "detector_settings"
         private const val KEY_MIN_SPACING_MS = "min_spacing_ms"
         private const val KEY_MIN_PROMINENCE_RATIO = "min_prominence_ratio"
         private const val KEY_MAX_FRAME_JUMP_RATIO = "max_frame_jump_ratio"
-        private const val KEY_HAND_RAISE_HOLD_MS = "hand_raise_hold_ms"
-        private const val KEY_HAND_RAISE_MARGIN_RATIO = "hand_raise_margin_ratio"
 
         /**
          * @brief Loads the currently-saved settings, or [DEFAULT] for
@@ -55,9 +47,7 @@ data class DetectorSettings(
             return DetectorSettings(
                 minSpacingMs = prefs.getLong(KEY_MIN_SPACING_MS, DEFAULT.minSpacingMs),
                 minProminenceRatio = prefs.getFloat(KEY_MIN_PROMINENCE_RATIO, DEFAULT.minProminenceRatio),
-                maxFrameJumpRatio = prefs.getFloat(KEY_MAX_FRAME_JUMP_RATIO, DEFAULT.maxFrameJumpRatio),
-                handRaiseHoldMs = prefs.getLong(KEY_HAND_RAISE_HOLD_MS, DEFAULT.handRaiseHoldMs),
-                handRaiseMarginRatio = prefs.getFloat(KEY_HAND_RAISE_MARGIN_RATIO, DEFAULT.handRaiseMarginRatio)
+                maxFrameJumpRatio = prefs.getFloat(KEY_MAX_FRAME_JUMP_RATIO, DEFAULT.maxFrameJumpRatio)
             )
         }
 
@@ -71,8 +61,6 @@ data class DetectorSettings(
                 .putLong(KEY_MIN_SPACING_MS, settings.minSpacingMs)
                 .putFloat(KEY_MIN_PROMINENCE_RATIO, settings.minProminenceRatio)
                 .putFloat(KEY_MAX_FRAME_JUMP_RATIO, settings.maxFrameJumpRatio)
-                .putLong(KEY_HAND_RAISE_HOLD_MS, settings.handRaiseHoldMs)
-                .putFloat(KEY_HAND_RAISE_MARGIN_RATIO, settings.handRaiseMarginRatio)
                 .apply()
         }
 

app/src/main/java/com/example/jnicpp/bowling/LiveStepDetector.kt

@@ -67,91 +67,63 @@ import kotlin.math.sqrt
  * @param maxFrameJumpRatio Maximum single-frame ankle-y movement, as a
  *        fraction of torso scale, still trusted as real motion rather than
  *        a detection glitch -- see the outlier gate in [update].
- * @param handRaiseHoldMs How long, in milliseconds, a hand must stay raised to trigger a reset.
- * @param handRaiseMarginRatio How far a wrist must sit above its shoulder,
- *        as a fraction of torso scale, to count as "raised".
  * @param stillnessWindowMs How long, in milliseconds, hip position must stay put to count as a held stance.
  * @param stillnessRatio Maximum hip position drift, as a fraction of torso scale, still considered "still".
- * @param enableStillnessReset Whether a held stance actually resets the step
- *        count back to zero. Defaults on -- see the class doc above for why
- *        it exists. Exposed as a switch (rather than something callers work
- *        around) so it can be flipped off while testing raw step detection
- *        against a source that doesn't behave like a live bowler walking up
- *        (e.g. a phone/webcam pointed at a paused-and-resumed YouTube clip),
- *        where an incidental pause shouldn't be read as "attempt over."
+ * @param startingStanceHoldMs Duration (in ms) bowler must hold starting position to trigger a reset (default 2000 ms).
+ * @param enableStillnessReset Whether a held stance or starting stance hold resets the step count.
  */
 class LiveStepDetector(
     private val minSpacingMs: Long = 300L,
     private val minProminenceRatio: Float = 0.15f,
     private val maxFrameJumpRatio: Float = 0.25f,
-    private val handRaiseHoldMs: Long = 5000L,
-    private val handRaiseMarginRatio: Float = 0.05f
     private val stillnessWindowMs: Long = 600L,
     private val stillnessRatio: Float = 0.05f,
+    private val startingStanceHoldMs: Long = 2000L,
     private val enableStillnessReset: Boolean = true
 ) {
+    private val stillness = StillnessTracker(stillnessWindowMs, stillnessRatio)
+    private var wasStillLastFrame = true
+    private var startingStanceStartMs: Long? = null
+    private var hasResetThisStance = false
+
     /**
      * @brief Outcome of feeding one [PoseFrame] into [update].
      * @param stepCount Total steps counted since the last reset, including any just confirmed this call.
-     * @param newSteps Steps confirmed by this specific call, in the order they were confirmed; usually 0 or 1, occasionally 2 if both feet peak in the same frame.
-     * @param wasReset true if this call completed a hand-raise hold and reset the count to zero.
-     * @param handRaiseProgress How far through the hold-to-reset gesture the
-     *        bowler currently is, from 0 (no hand raised) to 1 (reset just
-     *        fired) -- drives the on-screen hold indicator, see
-     *        [BowlingCameraActivity].
+     * @param newSteps Steps confirmed by this specific call, in the order they were confirmed; usually 0 or 1.
+     * @param wasReset true if this call reset the step count to zero.
      */
     data class Result(
         val stepCount: Int,
         val newSteps: List<StepEvent>,
-        val wasReset: Boolean,
-        val handRaiseProgress: Float
+        val wasReset: Boolean
     )
 
     private val leftFoot = FootPeakTracker(minSpacingMs, minProminenceRatio)
     private val rightFoot = FootPeakTracker(minSpacingMs, minProminenceRatio)
-    private val handRaise = HandRaiseTracker(handRaiseHoldMs)
 
     private var stepCount = 0
 
     // See the class doc's last paragraph -- refreshed whenever this frame
-    // has both a shoulder and a hip landmark, otherwise left as-is so a
-    // momentary drop in torso-landmark confidence doesn't stall detection.
+    // has both a shoulder and a hip landmark, otherwise left as-is.
     private var lastKnownTorsoScale: Float? = null
 
-    // Previous call's raw ankle/hip readings, used only to detect a stalled
-    // pipeline -- see the isStalledFrame check in [update].
     private var lastLeftAnkleRaw: LandmarkPoint? = null
     private var lastRightAnkleRaw: LandmarkPoint? = null
     private var lastHipMid: Pair<Float, Float>? = null
 
-    // Last raw ankle-y actually fed to the peak trackers, per foot --
-    // distinct from lastLeftAnkleRaw/lastRightAnkleRaw above, which record
-    // *every* frame's reading (glitched or not) so the stall check keeps
-    // working. These only advance past a sample that clears the outlier
-    // gate in [update], so one glitched frame can't drag the reference
-    // point away from real motion and mask the next frame's genuine jump.
     private var lastGoodLeftAnkleY: Float? = null
     private var lastGoodRightAnkleY: Float? = null
 
     /**
-     * @brief Feeds one frame's pose data into the detector, updating step
-     *        count/hand-raise state and returning what happened this call.
+     * @brief Feeds one frame's pose data into the detector, updating step count.
      * @param frame The latest frame's pose data, from the pose pipeline in recording order.
+     * @param isStartingPosition Whether the bowler is currently detected in the starting position stance.
      * @return This call's outcome -- see [Result].
      */
-    fun update(frame: PoseFrame): Result {
+    fun update(frame: PoseFrame, isStartingPosition: Boolean = false): Result {
         val newSteps = mutableListOf<StepEvent>()
         val hipMid = hipMidpoint(frame)
 
-        // ML Kit's STREAM_MODE detector re-runs inference on every frame it's
-        // handed, so even a genuinely motionless bowler produces a pixel or
-        // two of per-frame detection noise -- real landmark positions don't
-        // repeat bit-for-bit. When every landmark this frame exactly matches
-        // the previous frame's, the camera/analysis pipeline stalled (frame
-        // backlog, autofocus hunt, ...) and re-delivered a stale pose rather
-        // than a fresh one. Treat a stalled frame like a dropped one -- skip
-        // peak/hand-raise tracking for it entirely rather than feed it stale
-        // data.
         val isStalledFrame = (frame.leftAnkleRaw != null || frame.rightAnkleRaw != null || hipMid != null) &&
             frame.leftAnkleRaw == lastLeftAnkleRaw &&
             frame.rightAnkleRaw == lastRightAnkleRaw &&
@@ -161,32 +133,12 @@ class LiveStepDetector(
         lastHipMid = hipMid
 
         if (isStalledFrame) {
-            return Result(stepCount = stepCount, newSteps = emptyList(), wasReset = false, handRaiseProgress = handRaise.lastProgress)
+            return Result(stepCount = stepCount, newSteps = emptyList(), wasReset = false)
         }
 
         torsoScale(frame)?.let { lastKnownTorsoScale = it }
         val scale = lastKnownTorsoScale
 
-        // Deliberately reads *Raw (PoseLandmarkSmoother's EMA only), not the
-        // fully SMA-smoothed leftAnkle/rightAnkle -- a footfall is a fast,
-        // brief motion, and stacking a 5-frame moving average on top of an
-        // already-throttled analysis rate (PoseAnalyzer drops frames while
-        // busy) risks flattening the peak we're trying to detect into
-        // nothing. The heavier smoothing is still right for PoseFrame's
-        // stored/displayed values -- just not for finding the peak itself.
-        //
-        // Each reading is first checked against isPlausibleJump: confirmed
-        // against a real device trace where torso scale was small (~45-79px,
-        // a distant/small subject) and single-frame ankle-y jumps of
-        // 15-88px showed up dozens of times -- physically implausible
-        // movement in a single ~30-60ms analysis frame at that scale (the
-        // same trace's genuine footfalls only ever moved ~10-12px total
-        // across several frames). Those jumps are momentary landmark
-        // detection glitches, not real motion, and fed the live counter to
-        // 27 "steps" in 24 seconds. A glitched sample is skipped entirely
-        // rather than reset anything -- lastGoodLeftAnkleY/lastGoodRightAnkleY
-        // only advance past a trusted reading, so the next frame is still
-        // compared against real motion instead of the glitch.
         frame.leftAnkleRaw?.let { ankle ->
             if (isPlausibleJump(lastGoodLeftAnkleY, ankle.y, scale)) {
                 lastGoodLeftAnkleY = ankle.y
@@ -206,19 +158,28 @@ class LiveStepDetector(
             }
         }
 
-        val raised = isHandRaised(frame, scale)
-        val handRaiseProgress = handRaise.update(frame.timestampMs, raised)
         var wasReset = false
-        /*if (handRaiseProgress >= 1f && stepCount > 0) {
-            reset()
-            wasReset = true*/
 
-        val hipMid = hipMidpoint(frame)
-        if (hipMid != null && scale != null) {
-            val isStill = stillness.update(frame.timestampMs, hipMid.first, hipMid.second, scale)
-            if (enableStillnessReset && isStill && !wasStillLastFrame && stepCount > 0) {
+        // Check starting position hold duration (> 2 seconds resets counter)
+        if (enableStillnessReset && isStartingPosition) {
+            val start = startingStanceStartMs ?: frame.timestampMs.also { startingStanceStartMs = it }
+            if ((frame.timestampMs - start) >= startingStanceHoldMs && !hasResetThisStance && stepCount > 0) {
                 reset()
                 wasReset = true
+                hasResetThisStance = true
+            }
+        } else {
+            startingStanceStartMs = null
+            hasResetThisStance = false
+        }
+
+        // Secondary stillness check (hips stationary)
+        if (!wasReset && hipMid != null && scale != null) {
+            val isStill = stillness.update(frame.timestampMs, hipMid.first, hipMid.second, scale)
+            if (enableStillnessReset && isStill && isStartingPosition && !wasStillLastFrame && stepCount > 0) {
+                reset()
+                wasReset = true
+                hasResetThisStance = true
             }
             wasStillLastFrame = isStill
         }
@@ -226,23 +187,20 @@ class LiveStepDetector(
         return Result(
             stepCount = stepCount,
             newSteps = if (wasReset) emptyList() else newSteps,
-            wasReset = wasReset,
-            handRaiseProgress = if (wasReset) 0f else handRaiseProgress
+            wasReset = wasReset
         )
     }
 
     /**
      * @brief Clears all per-attempt detection state and zeroes the step count.
-     *
-     * [lastKnownTorsoScale] deliberately survives a reset -- it's a
-     * slowly-changing camera/body-distance fact, not per-attempt state, so
-     * the next attempt shouldn't have to re-establish it from scratch
-     * before counting can resume.
      */
     fun reset() {
         leftFoot.reset()
         rightFoot.reset()
-        handRaise.reset()
+        stillness.reset()
+        wasStillLastFrame = true
+        startingStanceStartMs = null
+        hasResetThisStance = true
         stepCount = 0
         lastLeftAnkleRaw = null
         lastRightAnkleRaw = null
@@ -251,61 +209,11 @@ class LiveStepDetector(
         lastGoodRightAnkleY = null
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @brief Whether a new ankle-y reading is plausible real motion given
-     *        the last trusted reading for that same foot, rather than a
-     *        one-frame detection glitch.
-     * @param lastGoodY The last reading that itself passed this check, or
-     *        null if none yet established (nothing to compare against).
-     * @param newY This frame's raw ankle-y reading.
-     * @param scale Current best-known torso length in pixels, or null if
-     *        none established yet (nothing to scale the check by).
-     * @return true if there's no reference to compare against yet, or the
-     *         movement is within [maxFrameJumpRatio] of torso scale.
-     */
     private fun isPlausibleJump(lastGoodY: Float?, newY: Float, scale: Float?): Boolean {
         if (lastGoodY == null || scale == null || scale <= 0f) return true
         return abs(newY - lastGoodY) <= scale * maxFrameJumpRatio
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @brief Whether either wrist currently sits above its own shoulder --
-     *        the reset gesture's "raised" test for this frame.
-     *
-     * Checked per side (left wrist against left shoulder, right against
-     * right) rather than against a hip midpoint or the opposite shoulder,
-     * since either arm alone should be able to trigger it and camera-frame
-     * mirroring/rotation can otherwise put the two sides' x-coordinates in
-     * an inconvenient order. handRaiseMarginRatio's default (0.05, a small
-     * buffer above plain `wrist.y < shoulder.y`) was picked from a real
-     * device recording: the highest a deliberately-raised wrist reached
-     * above its shoulder was only ~11% of torso scale, far short of an
-     * earlier, stricter 0.3 default that never triggered at all across a
-     * whole recording of real attempts. A small buffer still tells a
-     * genuine raise apart from a bowler's normal swing (which stays well
-     * below shoulder height through a standard delivery), and
-     * [handRaiseHoldMs] does the rest of that work regardless, since a
-     * swing is quick and doesn't hold there.
-     *
-     * @param frame The frame to read wrist/shoulder landmarks from.
-     * @param scale Current best-known torso length in pixels, or null if none established yet.
-     * @return true if either wrist is at least `handRaiseMarginRatio * scale` above its shoulder.
-     */
-    private fun isHandRaised(frame: PoseFrame, scale: Float?): Boolean {
-        val margin = if (scale != null && scale > 0f) scale * handRaiseMarginRatio else 0f
-        val leftRaised = frame.leftWrist != null && frame.leftShoulder != null &&
-            frame.leftWrist.y <= frame.leftShoulder.y - margin
-        val rightRaised = frame.rightWrist != null && frame.rightShoulder != null &&
-            frame.rightWrist.y <= frame.rightShoulder.y - margin
-        return leftRaised || rightRaised
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Computes the midpoint between the left and right hip, falling
-     *        back to whichever single hip is available.
-     * @param frame The frame to read hip landmarks from.
-     * @return The hip midpoint as (x, y), or null if neither hip is available.
-     */
     private fun hipMidpoint(frame: PoseFrame): Pair<Float, Float>? {
         val left = frame.leftHipRaw
         val right = frame.rightHipRaw
@@ -317,12 +225,6 @@ class LiveStepDetector(
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @brief Shoulder-to-hip pixel distance for this frame, used as a
-     *        resolution/distance-adaptive scale.
-     * @param frame The frame to read shoulder/hip landmarks from.
-     * @return The torso length in pixels, or null if a shoulder or hip landmark isn't available.
-     */
     private fun torsoScale(frame: PoseFrame): Float? {
         val shoulder = frame.leftShoulder ?: frame.rightShoulder ?: return null
         val hip = frame.leftHipRaw ?: frame.rightHipRaw ?: return null
@@ -332,73 +234,16 @@ class LiveStepDetector(
     }
 }
 
-/** @brief Which extremum [FootPeakTracker] is currently tracking toward. */
 private enum class TrackingMode { SEEKING_PEAK, SEEKING_VALLEY }
 
-/**
- * @brief Per-foot streaming peak detector.
- *
- * A real footfall's ankle-y curve doesn't reach its extremum as a single
- * sharp spike -- the foot decelerates approaching the ground/top of swing,
- * so several consecutive frames sit on a noisy plateau near the true peak
- * before the next clear descent. A candidate that only compares a sample
- * against its *immediate* left/right neighbors sees near-zero prominence
- * across that plateau (each frame differs from the next by noise-level
- * amounts) and never confirms, even though the peak is tens of pixels above
- * the surrounding valleys -- confirmed against real device recordings where
- * a clearly step-shaped ~20-45px bounce, sustained over a second-plus
- * plateau, produced zero confirmed peaks under that approach.
- *
- * Tracks a running extremum instead (the standard streaming "zigzag" turning-
- * point algorithm): while [mode] is SEEKING_PEAK, [extreme] follows the
- * highest y seen; once y has dropped away from that running high by at
- * least the prominence threshold, the high is confirmed as a peak and
- * tracking flips to SEEKING_VALLEY to find the next low the same way. This
- * naturally tolerates an arbitrarily long noisy plateau at the top (nothing
- * about it looks like a drop until the foot actually lifts again) while
- * still rejecting pure jitter that never clears the threshold either way.
- *
- * Single-frame detection glitches (a momentary implausible ankle-y jump)
- * are filtered out *before* they ever reach this tracker -- see the
- * isPlausibleJump gate in [LiveStepDetector.update] -- rather than handled
- * here, since a real footfall's prominence (confirmed against a real
- * device trace: as little as ~10-12px at that recording's torso scale) can
- * be smaller than a single glitched frame's jump, so no prominence
- * threshold on its own can tell the two apart.
- *
- * @param minSpacingMs Minimum time, in milliseconds, between two accepted peaks.
- * @param minProminenceRatio Minimum required peak prominence, as a fraction of torso scale.
- */
 private class FootPeakTracker(
     private val minSpacingMs: Long,
     private val minProminenceRatio: Float
 ) {
     private var mode = TrackingMode.SEEKING_PEAK
     private var extreme: Pair<Long, Float>? = null
-    /*
-    // Lowest y seen since the last confirmed peak (or since tracking
-    // started) -- how far up the foot lifted before the plant currently
-    // being tracked, i.e. the "before" side of prominence.
-    private var troughBeforeY: Float? = null
-
-    // The current candidate peak: highest y seen since troughBeforeY was
-    // last established. Null while still climbing toward one.
-    private var peakY: Float? = null
-    private var peakT: Long = 0
-
-    // Lowest y seen since peakY, tracked only once samples start
-    // descending from it -- the "after" side of prominence.
-    private var troughAfterY: Float? = null*/
-
     private var lastAcceptedMs: Long? = null
 
-    /**
-     * @brief Feeds one new (timestamp, y) sample into the tracker.
-     * @param timestampMs Time this sample was captured, in milliseconds.
-     * @param y Ankle y coordinate for this sample, in analysis-image pixel space.
-     * @param torsoScale Current best-known torso length in pixels, or null if none established yet.
-     * @return The confirmed peak's timestamp, or null if this call didn't confirm one.
-     */
     fun update(timestampMs: Long, y: Float, torsoScale: Float?): Long? {
         val current = extreme
         if (current == null) {
@@ -406,10 +251,6 @@ private class FootPeakTracker(
             return null
         }
 
-        // No scale reference yet (see the class doc's SEEKING_PEAK/VALLEY
-        // paragraph for when this happens): fall back to confirming on any
-        // move away from the running extremum at all, same tradeoff the
-        // previous implementation made in this situation.
         val threshold = if (torsoScale != null && torsoScale > 0f) torsoScale * minProminenceRatio else 0f
 
         var confirmedAtMs: Long? = null
@@ -435,127 +276,57 @@ private class FootPeakTracker(
                     mode = TrackingMode.SEEKING_PEAK
                     extreme = timestampMs to y
                 }
-        /*val threshold = if (torsoScale != null && torsoScale > 0f) torsoScale * minProminenceRatio else null
-
-        val trough = troughBeforeY
-        if (trough == null) {
-            troughBeforeY = y
-        } else {
-            val peak = peakY
-            if (peak == null) {
-                // Still climbing (or flat) toward a candidate peak.
-                if (y > trough) {
-                    peakY = y
-                    peakT = timestampMs
-                } else {
-                    troughBeforeY = minOf(trough, y)
-                }
-            } else if (y >= peak) {
-                // New high point, or the plant is still rising -- extend
-                // the candidate rather than treating this as a fall.
-                peakY = y
-                peakT = timestampMs
-                troughAfterY = null
-            } else {
-                // Descending from the candidate peak.
-                val afterLow = minOf(troughAfterY ?: y, y)
-                troughAfterY = afterLow
-                val riseOk = threshold == null || (peak - trough) >= threshold
-                val fallOk = threshold == null || (peak - afterLow) >= threshold
-                val refractoryOk = lastAcceptedMs?.let { peakT - it >= minSpacingMs } ?: true
-                if (riseOk && fallOk && refractoryOk) {
-                    confirmedAtMs = peakT
-                    lastAcceptedMs = peakT
-                    // This sample becomes the next footfall's starting trough.
-                    troughBeforeY = y
-                    peakY = null
-                    troughAfterY = null
-                }
-                // Otherwise keep waiting: either a later sample falls far
-                // enough to satisfy fallOk, or a new rise supersedes this
-                // candidate via the y >= peak branch above.*/
             }
         }
         return confirmedAtMs
     }
 
-    /** @brief Clears all sample/refractory state; call at the start of a new attempt. */
     fun reset() {
         mode = TrackingMode.SEEKING_PEAK
         extreme = null
-        /*troughBeforeY = null
-        peakY = null
-        troughAfterY = null*/
         lastAcceptedMs = null
     }
 }
 
-/**
- * @brief Tracks how long a raised-hand reset gesture has been held
- *        continuously, reporting progress toward the hold duration.
- *
- * Takes a plain raised/not-raised boolean per frame -- what counts as
- * "raised" (the margin above the shoulder) is decided by the caller before
- * [update] is ever called, see [LiveStepDetector.isHandRaised].
- *
- * @param holdMs How long, in milliseconds, the hand must stay raised (allowing brief drops) to complete.
- * @param dropGraceMs How long, in milliseconds, "not raised" is tolerated
- *        before the hold is treated as abandoned and restarts from zero.
- */
-private class HandRaiseTracker(
-    private val holdMs: Long,
-    private val dropGraceMs: Long = 500L
+private class StillnessTracker(
+    private val windowMs: Long,
+    private val maxDriftRatio: Float
 ) {
-    private var raiseStartMs: Long? = null
-    private var lastRaisedMs: Long? = null
+    private var windowStartMs: Long? = null
+    private var startX: Float? = null
+    private var startY: Float? = null
 
-    /** @brief Progress reported by the most recent [update] call, or 0 before the first. */
-    var lastProgress: Float = 0f
-        private set
+    fun update(timestampMs: Long, hipX: Float, hipY: Float, torsoScale: Float): Boolean {
+        val startMs = windowStartMs
+        val sX = startX
+        val sY = startY
 
-    /**
-     * @brief Feeds one frame's raised/not-raised state into the tracker.
-     *
-     * Confirmed against a real device recording: a bowler held the gesture
-     * for 4.35 of the required 5 seconds (87% progress, climbing perfectly
-     * smoothly the whole way -- this is a deliberate, well-tracked hold,
-     * not jitter), then a single frame read as "not raised" -- a natural
-     * arm wobble/fatigue dip, not a dropped attempt -- and progress fell
-     * straight back to zero. That happened on every one of that
-     * recording's five attempts, none of which ever completed. A brief gap
-     * (up to [dropGraceMs]) no longer restarts the hold; only a gap longer
-     * than that reads as the bowler actually giving up and putting their
-     * hand down.
-     *
-     * @param timestampMs Time this sample was captured, in milliseconds.
-     * @param raised Whether a hand is raised (past [handRaiseMarginRatio]) this frame.
-     * @return Progress toward completing the hold, from 0 (not raised, or
-     *         just started) to 1 (hold duration reached).
-     */
-    fun update(timestampMs: Long, raised: Boolean): Float {
-        if (raised) {
-            lastRaisedMs = timestampMs
-        } else {
-            val lastRaised = lastRaisedMs
-            if (lastRaised == null || timestampMs - lastRaised > dropGraceMs) {
-                raiseStartMs = null
-                lastRaisedMs = null
-                lastProgress = 0f
-                return lastProgress
-            }
-            // Within the grace period: fall through and keep counting
-            // elapsed time toward the original raiseStartMs, same as if
-            // this frame had read as raised too.
+        if (startMs == null || sX == null || sY == null) {
+            windowStartMs = timestampMs
+            startX = hipX
+            startY = hipY
+            return false
         }
-        val start = raiseStartMs ?: timestampMs.also { raiseStartMs = it }
-        lastProgress = ((timestampMs - start).toFloat() / holdMs).coerceIn(0f, 1f)
-        return lastProgress
+
+        val dx = hipX - sX
+        val dy = hipY - sY
+        val dist = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)
+        val maxDrift = torsoScale * maxDriftRatio
+
+        if (dist > maxDrift) {
+            windowStartMs = timestampMs
+            startX = hipX
+            startY = hipY
+            return false
+        }
+
+        return (timestampMs - startMs) >= windowMs
     }
 
-    /** @brief Clears hold state; call whenever the count itself resets. */
     fun reset() {
-        raiseStartMs = null
-        lastRaisedMs = null
-        lastProgress = 0f
+        windowStartMs = null
+        startX = null
+        startY = null
     }
 }
+

app/src/main/java/com/example/jnicpp/bowling/ParameterEditorActivity.kt

@@ -54,8 +54,6 @@ class ParameterEditorActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         binding.fieldMinSpacingMs.editText?.setText(settings.minSpacingMs.toString())
         binding.fieldMinProminenceRatio.editText?.setText(settings.minProminenceRatio.toString())
         binding.fieldMaxFrameJumpRatio.editText?.setText(settings.maxFrameJumpRatio.toString())
-        binding.fieldHandRaiseHoldMs.editText?.setText(settings.handRaiseHoldMs.toString())
-        binding.fieldHandRaiseMarginRatio.editText?.setText(settings.handRaiseMarginRatio.toString())
     }
 
     /**
@@ -66,20 +64,14 @@ class ParameterEditorActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         val minSpacingMs = binding.fieldMinSpacingMs.editText?.text?.toString()?.toLongOrNull()
         val minProminenceRatio = binding.fieldMinProminenceRatio.editText?.text?.toString()?.toFloatOrNull()
         val maxFrameJumpRatio = binding.fieldMaxFrameJumpRatio.editText?.text?.toString()?.toFloatOrNull()
-        val handRaiseHoldMs = binding.fieldHandRaiseHoldMs.editText?.text?.toString()?.toLongOrNull()
-        val handRaiseMarginRatio = binding.fieldHandRaiseMarginRatio.editText?.text?.toString()?.toFloatOrNull()
 
-        if (minSpacingMs == null || minProminenceRatio == null || maxFrameJumpRatio == null ||
-            handRaiseHoldMs == null || handRaiseMarginRatio == null
-        ) {
+        if (minSpacingMs == null || minProminenceRatio == null || maxFrameJumpRatio == null) {
             return null
         }
         return DetectorSettings(
             minSpacingMs = minSpacingMs,
             minProminenceRatio = minProminenceRatio,
-            maxFrameJumpRatio = maxFrameJumpRatio,
-            handRaiseHoldMs = handRaiseHoldMs,
-            handRaiseMarginRatio = handRaiseMarginRatio
+            maxFrameJumpRatio = maxFrameJumpRatio
         )
     }
 }

app/src/main/java/com/example/jnicpp/bowling/PoseAngleCalculator.kt

@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ import kotlin.math.atan2
  * @param rightKnee Angle at the right knee (hip-knee-ankle), or null.
  */
 data class PoseAngles(
-    val leftElbow: Float?,
-    val rightElbow: Float?,
-    val leftShoulder: Float?,
-    val rightShoulder: Float?,
-    val leftKnee: Float?,
-    val rightKnee: Float?
+    val leftElbow: Float? = null,
+    val rightElbow: Float? = null,
+    val leftShoulder: Float? = null,
+    val rightShoulder: Float? = null,
+    val leftKnee: Float? = null,
+    val rightKnee: Float? = null
 )
 
 /**

app/src/main/java/com/example/jnicpp/bowling/PoseFrame.kt

@@ -56,23 +56,23 @@ data class LandmarkPoint(val x: Float, val y: Float)
  */
 data class PoseFrame(
     val timestampMs: Long,
-    val leftAnkle: LandmarkPoint?,
-    val rightAnkle: LandmarkPoint?,
-    val leftAnkleRaw: LandmarkPoint?,
-    val rightAnkleRaw: LandmarkPoint?,
-    val leftKnee: LandmarkPoint?,
-    val rightKnee: LandmarkPoint?,
-    val leftHip: LandmarkPoint?,
-    val rightHip: LandmarkPoint?,
-    val leftHipRaw: LandmarkPoint?,
-    val rightHipRaw: LandmarkPoint?,
-    val leftShoulder: LandmarkPoint?,
-    val rightShoulder: LandmarkPoint?,
-    val leftElbow: LandmarkPoint?,
-    val rightElbow: LandmarkPoint?,
-    val leftWrist: LandmarkPoint?,
-    val rightWrist: LandmarkPoint?,
-    val angles: PoseAngles
+    val leftAnkle: LandmarkPoint? = null,
+    val rightAnkle: LandmarkPoint? = null,
+    val leftAnkleRaw: LandmarkPoint? = null,
+    val rightAnkleRaw: LandmarkPoint? = null,
+    val leftKnee: LandmarkPoint? = null,
+    val rightKnee: LandmarkPoint? = null,
+    val leftHip: LandmarkPoint? = null,
+    val rightHip: LandmarkPoint? = null,
+    val leftHipRaw: LandmarkPoint? = null,
+    val rightHipRaw: LandmarkPoint? = null,
+    val leftShoulder: LandmarkPoint? = null,
+    val rightShoulder: LandmarkPoint? = null,
+    val leftElbow: LandmarkPoint? = null,
+    val rightElbow: LandmarkPoint? = null,
+    val leftWrist: LandmarkPoint? = null,
+    val rightWrist: LandmarkPoint? = null,
+    val angles: PoseAngles = PoseAngles(null, null, null, null)
 )
 
 /**

app/src/main/java/com/example/jnicpp/bowling/PoseOverlayView.kt

@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class PoseOverlayView @JvmOverloads constructor(
         feedbackUI?.drawCircles(canvas, singleLandmark, transform)
 
         // Trigger feedback advice for this step
-        feedbackUI?.showBanner(canvas, "Body too upright, take a larger 1st step efsdfdg d dg df gdgdfg df ")
+        feedbackUI?.showBanner(canvas, "Body too upright, take a larger 1st step")
     }
 
     /**

app/src/main/java/com/example/jnicpp/bowling/PosePhaseDetector.kt

@@ -147,18 +147,23 @@ class PosePhaseDetector(
             rightElbowAngleDegrees = angles.rightElbow
         )
 
-        // Identify the next phase we are looking for in the sequence.
-        val targetPhase = when (currentPhase) {
-            null -> BowlingPhase.STARTING_STANCE
-            BowlingPhase.STARTING_STANCE -> BowlingPhase.APPROACH
-            BowlingPhase.APPROACH -> BowlingPhase.PUSHAWAY
-            // Placeholder for remaining sequence
-            else -> currentPhase
+        // If the posture matches starting stance, target starting stance even if currently in another phase
+        val isStartingValid = isStartingStanceValid(metrics)
+        val targetPhase = if (isStartingValid && currentPhase != BowlingPhase.STARTING_STANCE) {
+            BowlingPhase.STARTING_STANCE
+        } else {
+            when (currentPhase) {
+                null -> BowlingPhase.STARTING_STANCE
+                BowlingPhase.STARTING_STANCE -> BowlingPhase.APPROACH
+                BowlingPhase.APPROACH -> BowlingPhase.PUSHAWAY
+                // Placeholder for remaining sequence
+                else -> currentPhase
+            }
         }
 
         // 1. Check if the user is in the NEXT phase.
         val isTargetValid = when (targetPhase) {
-            BowlingPhase.STARTING_STANCE -> isStartingStanceValid(metrics)
+            BowlingPhase.STARTING_STANCE -> isStartingValid
             BowlingPhase.APPROACH -> isApproachValid(metrics)
             BowlingPhase.PUSHAWAY -> isPushawayValid(metrics)
             else -> false
@@ -227,7 +232,7 @@ class PosePhaseDetector(
      * @param metrics This frame's raw angle readings.
      * @return true if torso tilt, both visible knee angles, and both visible elbow angles all fall within range.
      */
-    private fun isStartingStanceValid(metrics: Metrics): Boolean {
+    fun isStartingStanceValid(metrics: Metrics): Boolean {
         val torsoTilt = metrics.torsoTiltDegrees ?: return false
         if (torsoTilt !in torsoTiltMinDegrees..torsoTiltMaxDegrees) return false
 

app/src/main/java/com/example/jnicpp/bowling/StepCounterUiController.kt

@@ -1,49 +1,35 @@
 /**
  * @file StepCounterUiController.kt
- * @brief Rendering for the live step-counter card and hold-to-reset gesture indicator.
+ * @brief Rendering for the live step-counter card.
  */
 package com.example.jnicpp.bowling
 
 import android.content.Context
 import android.view.View
 import android.widget.TextView
-import com.example.jnicpp.R
-import com.google.android.material.progressindicator.CircularProgressIndicator
 
 /**
- * @brief Owns rendering for [BowlingCameraActivity]'s step-counter card and
- *        hold-to-reset gesture indicator, so the Activity's job stays
- *        limited to wiring [CameraViewModel] state into this controller
- *        rather than holding view-rendering logic itself.
+ * @brief Owns rendering for [BowlingCameraActivity]'s step-counter card.
  *
  * @param context Used only for string resource lookups.
  * @param cardStepCounter The step-counter card container view.
  * @param textStepCountBig The large step-count number TextView.
- * @param layoutResetHint The hold-to-reset hint row container view.
- * @param progressHandRaise The circular hold-progress indicator.
- * @param textResetHint The hold-to-reset hint text.
  */
 class StepCounterUiController(
     private val context: Context,
     private val cardStepCounter: View,
-    private val textStepCountBig: TextView,
-    private val layoutResetHint: View,
-    private val progressHandRaise: CircularProgressIndicator,
-    private val textResetHint: TextView
+    private val textStepCountBig: TextView
 ) {
     // Last step count rendered, so pulse() in renderStepCount only plays
-    // when a new step actually pushed the count up, not on every
-    // stepEvents emission -- a reset back to zero shouldn't visually "pop".
+    // when a new step actually pushed the count up.
     private var lastRenderedStepCount = 0
 
     /**
-     * @brief Shows or hides the step counter and reset-hint views together.
-     * @param visible true to reveal both (recording in progress), false to hide them.
+     * @brief Shows or hides the step counter card.
+     * @param visible true to reveal (recording in progress), false to hide.
      */
     fun setVisible(visible: Boolean) {
-        val visibility = if (visible) View.VISIBLE else View.GONE
-        cardStepCounter.visibility = visibility
-        layoutResetHint.visibility = visibility
+        cardStepCounter.visibility = if (visible) View.VISIBLE else View.GONE
     }
 
     /** @brief Clears pulse-tracking state; call whenever a new recording starts. */
@@ -63,20 +49,6 @@ class StepCounterUiController(
         lastRenderedStepCount = stepCount
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @brief Reflects the hold-to-reset gesture's progress onto the
-     *        circular indicator and hint text.
-     * @param progress Current hold progress, from 0 (not raised) to 1 (reset just fired).
-     */
-    fun renderHandRaiseProgress(progress: Float) {
-        progressHandRaise.progress = (progress * 100).toInt()
-        textResetHint.text = if (progress <= 0f) {
-            context.getString(R.string.reset_hint_idle)
-        } else {
-            context.getString(R.string.reset_hint_holding, (progress * 100).toInt())
-        }
-    }
-
     /** @brief Briefly scales the step counter up and back down, drawing the eye to a newly confirmed step. */
     private fun pulse() {
         cardStepCounter.animate()

app/src/main/java/com/example/jnicpp/bowling/StepCountingSession.kt

@@ -43,22 +43,12 @@ class StepCountingSession {
     /** @brief Time-ordered pose samples buffered for the current/most recent recording session. */
     val poseFrames: List<PoseFrame> get() = poseFrameBuffer
 
-    // Steps detected so far in the current attempt (since the last reset,
-    // whether that reset was a new session starting or the bowler
-    // completing the hand-raise reset gesture mid-recording). The UI reads
-    // events.size as the "Step N" counter. Stays populated after recording
-    // stops so the last attempt's count remains visible.
+    // Steps detected so far in the current attempt (since the last reset).
+    // The UI reads events.size as the "Step N" counter.
     private val _stepEvents = MutableStateFlow<List<StepEvent>>(emptyList())
     /** @brief Steps detected so far in the current attempt, since the last reset. */
     val stepEvents: StateFlow<List<StepEvent>> = _stepEvents.asStateFlow()
 
-    // How far through the hold-to-reset gesture the bowler currently is --
-    // see LiveStepDetector.Result.handRaiseProgress. Drives the on-screen
-    // hold indicator so a reset is never a surprise; 0 whenever not recording.
-    private val _handRaiseProgress = MutableStateFlow(0f)
-    /** @brief Progress toward the hold-to-reset gesture, from 0 to 1. */
-    val handRaiseProgress: StateFlow<Float> = _handRaiseProgress.asStateFlow()
-
     /**
      * @brief Feeds one analyzed frame's landmarks/angles into buffering and
      *        live step counting. Only meant to be called while a recording
@@ -66,8 +56,14 @@ class StepCountingSession {
      * @param landmarks EMA-smoothed landmarks for this frame, keyed by ML Kit's `PoseLandmark` type constant.
      * @param angles Joint angles computed for this same frame.
      * @param timestampMs Wall-clock time this frame was analyzed, in milliseconds.
+     * @param isStartingPosition Whether the bowler is currently in the starting position.
      */
-    fun onFrame(landmarks: Map<Int, SmoothedLandmark>, angles: PoseAngles, timestampMs: Long) {
+    fun onFrame(
+        landmarks: Map<Int, SmoothedLandmark>,
+        angles: PoseAngles,
+        timestampMs: Long,
+        isStartingPosition: Boolean = false
+    ) {
         val smoothedAnkleHip = ankleHipSmoother.smooth(landmarks)
         val frame = buildPoseFrame(
             timestampMs = timestampMs,
@@ -77,14 +73,13 @@ class StepCountingSession {
         )
         poseFrameBuffer.add(frame)
 
-        val result = liveStepDetector.update(frame)
+        val result = liveStepDetector.update(frame, isStartingPosition = isStartingPosition)
         if (result.wasReset) {
             _stepEvents.value = emptyList()
         }
         if (result.newSteps.isNotEmpty()) {
             _stepEvents.value = _stepEvents.value + result.newSteps
         }
-        _handRaiseProgress.value = result.handRaiseProgress
     }
 
     /**
@@ -98,11 +93,8 @@ class StepCountingSession {
         liveStepDetector = LiveStepDetector(
             minSpacingMs = settings.minSpacingMs,
             minProminenceRatio = settings.minProminenceRatio,
-            maxFrameJumpRatio = settings.maxFrameJumpRatio,
-            handRaiseHoldMs = settings.handRaiseHoldMs,
-            handRaiseMarginRatio = settings.handRaiseMarginRatio
+            maxFrameJumpRatio = settings.maxFrameJumpRatio
         )
         _stepEvents.value = emptyList()
-        _handRaiseProgress.value = 0f
     }
 }

app/src/main/res/layout-land/activity_bowling_camera.xml

@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <!--
-  Landscape button arrangement: with the screen wide and short, a bottom bar
-  (see the portrait default in res/layout/) would leave little room for the
-  preview and put the record button awkwardly close to the edge, so it moves
-  to a vertically-centered side column instead. Same view IDs as the
-  portrait layout so BowlingCameraActivity's view-binding code needs no
-  orientation-specific logic - Android just swaps which XML gets inflated.
+  Landscape camera UI: clean side-column controls,
+  retaining step counter at top center and compact coaching tips.
 -->
 <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
     xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
@@ -34,13 +30,18 @@
         app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@id/camera_preview"
         app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@id/camera_preview" />
 
-    <!--
-      Recording indicator: red dot + elapsed timer, only visible while
-      recording. Anchored below btn_back (rather than parent's top) so the
-      two never overlap - btn_back is declared later in this file so it
-      draws on top, but ConstraintLayout resolves constraint references
-      regardless of declaration order, so this forward reference is fine.
-    -->
+    <!-- Top Left: Back Button -->
+    <Button
+        android:id="@+id/btn_back"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
+        android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
+        android:text="@string/back"
+        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
+        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />
+
+    <!-- Top Left: Recording Indicator -->
     <LinearLayout
         android:id="@+id/layout_recording_indicator"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
@@ -48,8 +49,8 @@
         android:orientation="horizontal"
         android:gravity="center_vertical"
         android:background="@color/overlay_scrim"
-        android:paddingHorizontal="12dp"
-        android:paddingVertical="6dp"
+        android:paddingHorizontal="10dp"
+        android:paddingVertical="4dp"
         android:visibility="gone"
         tools:visibility="visible"
         app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_back"
@@ -59,35 +60,51 @@
 
         <View
             android:id="@+id/view_recording_dot"
-            android:layout_width="12dp"
-            android:layout_height="12dp"
+            android:layout_width="10dp"
+            android:layout_height="10dp"
             android:background="@drawable/shape_recording_dot" />
 
         <TextView
             android:id="@+id/text_timer"
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-            android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
+            android:layout_marginStart="6dp"
             android:text="@string/recording_timer_placeholder"
             android:textColor="@color/white"
-            android:textSize="16sp"
+            android:textSize="14sp"
             android:fontFamily="monospace" />
     </LinearLayout>
 
-    <!-- Live step counter: see the portrait layout's copy of this view for
-         the full rationale. Same IDs, centered top here too since
-         landscape's top edge is otherwise clear (buttons moved to the side
-         column below). -->
+    <!-- Top Left: Body Angles Readout (below Recording Indicator / Back Button) -->
+    <TextView
+        android:id="@+id/text_pose_metrics"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:background="@color/overlay_scrim"
+        android:paddingHorizontal="8dp"
+        android:paddingVertical="4dp"
+        android:textColor="@color/white"
+        android:textSize="12sp"
+        android:fontFamily="monospace"
+        android:visibility="gone"
+        tools:visibility="visible"
+        tools:text="Torso: 12° · Knee L: 168° R: 170°&#10;Elbow L: 85° R: 90°"
+        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/layout_recording_indicator"
+        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
+        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
+        android:layout_marginStart="16dp" />
+
+    <!-- TOP MIDDLE: Step Counter Card -->
     <LinearLayout
         android:id="@+id/card_step_counter"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_marginTop="72dp"
+        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
         android:orientation="vertical"
         android:gravity="center"
         android:background="@drawable/shape_step_counter_card"
-        android:paddingHorizontal="24dp"
-        android:paddingVertical="8dp"
+        android:paddingHorizontal="20dp"
+        android:paddingVertical="6dp"
         android:visibility="gone"
         tools:visibility="visible"
         app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
@@ -100,7 +117,7 @@
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
             android:text="@string/step_count_big_placeholder"
             android:textColor="@color/white"
-            android:textSize="40sp"
+            android:textSize="32sp"
             android:textStyle="bold" />
 
         <TextView
@@ -108,190 +125,101 @@
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
             android:text="@string/step_counter_label"
             android:textColor="@color/step_counter_accent"
-            android:textSize="12sp"
+            android:textSize="11sp"
             android:letterSpacing="0.15"
             android:textStyle="bold" />
     </LinearLayout>
 
-    <!-- Hold-to-reset gesture: see the portrait layout's copy for the full
-         rationale. Bottom-center of the whole screen here instead of above
-         switch_pose, since landscape's buttons sit in a side column rather
-         than a bottom bar. -->
-    <LinearLayout
-        android:id="@+id/layout_reset_hint"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"
-        android:orientation="horizontal"
-        android:gravity="center_vertical"
-        android:background="@color/overlay_scrim"
-        android:paddingHorizontal="12dp"
-        android:paddingVertical="6dp"
-        android:visibility="gone"
-        tools:visibility="visible"
-        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent">
-
-        <com.google.android.material.progressindicator.CircularProgressIndicator
-            android:id="@+id/progress_hand_raise"
-            android:layout_width="20dp"
-            android:layout_height="20dp"
-            android:indeterminate="false"
-            android:max="100"
-            android:progress="0"
-            app:indicatorSize="20dp"
-            app:trackThickness="3dp"
-            app:indicatorColor="@color/step_counter_accent"
-            app:trackColor="@color/white" />
-
-        <TextView
-            android:id="@+id/text_reset_hint"
-            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-            android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
-            android:text="@string/reset_hint_idle"
-            android:textColor="@color/white"
-            android:textSize="13sp" />
-    </LinearLayout>
-
-    <!-- Delivery-phase feedback (e.g. "Starting stance"), separate from the
-         step counter above - see CameraViewModel#posePhase. Shown whenever
-         pose detection is on, live preview or recording, unlike the step
-         counter which is recording-only. -->
-    <TextView
-        android:id="@+id/text_pose_feedback"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:background="@color/overlay_scrim"
-        android:paddingHorizontal="12dp"
-        android:paddingVertical="6dp"
-        android:textColor="@color/white"
-        android:textSize="20sp"
-        android:textStyle="bold"
-        android:visibility="gone"
-        tools:visibility="visible"
-        tools:text="Get into starting stance"
-        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_back"
-        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
-        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
-        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp" />
-
-    <!-- Raw torso/knee/elbow angle readout backing text_pose_feedback above
-         - see CameraViewModel#poseMetrics. Stacked directly below it. -->
-    <TextView
-        android:id="@+id/text_pose_metrics"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:background="@color/overlay_scrim"
-        android:paddingHorizontal="12dp"
-        android:paddingVertical="4dp"
-        android:textColor="@color/white"
-        android:textSize="14sp"
-        android:fontFamily="monospace"
-        android:visibility="gone"
-        tools:visibility="visible"
-        tools:text="Torso 12° · Knee L168° R170° · Elbow L85° R90°"
-        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/text_pose_feedback"
-        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
-        android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
-        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp" />
-
-    <!-- Groups the step/final-position banner and the per-step form cue into
-         one centered vertical stack, anchored below the top corner buttons.
-         A LinearLayout (rather than each TextView chained to the other via
-         ConstraintLayout's toBottomOf) so a GONE child collapses cleanly.
-         Chaining directly had text_pose_feedback render at text_final_position's
-         collapsed (zero-height) position whenever the latter was hidden,
-         landing on top of the recording indicator instead of staying put. -->
+    <!-- CENTERED BELOW STEP COUNTER: Final Position & Live Coaching Cue -->
     <LinearLayout
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
         android:orientation="vertical"
         android:gravity="center_horizontal"
-        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_switch_camera"
+        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/card_step_counter"
         app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
         app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
-        android:layout_marginTop="16dp">
+        android:layout_marginTop="8dp">
 
-        <!-- Live "you're in your final position" banner, shown once the 5th
-             (final) foot-plant of the current attempt is detected (see
-             BowlingCameraActivity's stepEvents collector), cleared
-             automatically whenever the step count resets for the next attempt. -->
         <TextView
             android:id="@+id/text_final_position"
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
             android:background="@color/overlay_scrim"
-            android:paddingHorizontal="20dp"
-            android:paddingVertical="10dp"
+            android:paddingHorizontal="14dp"
+            android:paddingVertical="6dp"
             android:text="@string/final_position_reached"
             android:textColor="@color/final_position_highlight"
-            android:textSize="22sp"
+            android:textSize="16sp"
             android:textStyle="bold"
             android:visibility="gone"
             tools:visibility="visible" />
 
-        <!-- Live per-step form cue from PoseStageAdvisor (e.g. "Good
-             push-away", "Bend your sliding knee more"), see
-             CameraViewModel.poseStageFeedback. -->
         <TextView
-            android:id="@+id/text_pose_feedback"
+            android:id="@+id/text_pose_stage_feedback"
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-            android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
+            android:layout_marginTop="6dp"
             android:background="@color/overlay_scrim"
-            android:paddingHorizontal="16dp"
-            android:paddingVertical="6dp"
+            android:paddingHorizontal="12dp"
+            android:paddingVertical="4dp"
             android:textColor="@color/white"
-            android:textSize="16sp"
+            android:textSize="14sp"
             android:visibility="gone"
             tools:text="Good push-away"
             tools:visibility="visible" />
     </LinearLayout>
 
-    <!--
-      Mirrored onto the start edge at the same vertical center as btn_record
-      on the end edge. Live pose overlay + baked-in-recording toggle; only
-      togglable while not recording (see
-      BowlingCameraActivity#renderRecordingState) since the recording
-      pipeline picks its pose mode once at start.
-    -->
+    <!-- Delivery Phase Badge -->
+    <TextView
+        android:id="@+id/text_pose_feedback"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:background="@color/overlay_scrim"
+        android:paddingHorizontal="10dp"
+        android:paddingVertical="4dp"
+        android:textColor="@color/white"
+        android:textSize="14sp"
+        android:textStyle="bold"
+        android:visibility="gone"
+        tools:visibility="visible"
+        tools:text="Get into starting stance"
+        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
+        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@id/btn_editor"
+        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
+        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp" />
+
+    <!-- Side Column Controls -->
     <com.google.android.material.switchmaterial.SwitchMaterial
         android:id="@+id/switch_pose"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_marginStart="32dp"
+        android:layout_marginStart="24dp"
         android:text="@string/toggle_pose"
         android:textColor="@color/white"
         app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@id/btn_record"
         app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@id/btn_record"
         app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />
 
-    <!-- Side column instead of a bottom bar: vertically centered, hugging the end edge. -->
     <Button
         android:id="@+id/btn_record"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_marginEnd="32dp"
+        android:layout_marginEnd="24dp"
         android:text="@string/record"
         app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
         app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
         app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" />
 
-    <!-- Above the record button in the same side column, rather than the top corner. -->
     <Button
         android:id="@+id/btn_switch_camera"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"
+        android:layout_marginBottom="12dp"
         android:text="@string/switch_camera"
         app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/btn_record"
         app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@id/btn_record" />
 
-    <!-- Opens ParameterEditorActivity: see the portrait layout's copy
-         for the full rationale. Above btn_switch_camera in the same
-         column, only shown while Idle. -->
     <Button
         android:id="@+id/btn_editor"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
@@ -300,18 +228,8 @@
         android:text="@string/editor_button"
         app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/btn_switch_camera"
         app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@id/btn_record" />
-    <!--    to only show when recording-->
-    <Button
-        android:id="@+id/btn_show_step"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:text="@string/pose_phase_waiting"
-        android:layout_marginBottom="32dp"
-        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />
 
-    <!-- Shown instead of the camera UI when CAMERA/RECORD_AUDIO aren't granted -->
+    <!-- Permission Rationale Screen -->
     <LinearLayout
         android:id="@+id/layout_permission_rationale"
         android:layout_width="match_parent"
@@ -344,16 +262,4 @@
             android:text="@string/grant_permissions" />
     </LinearLayout>
 
-    <!-- Declared last so it draws above the permission rationale screen too,
-         keeping a way back out of this Activity available in every state. -->
-    <Button
-        android:id="@+id/btn_back"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
-        android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
-        android:text="@string/back"
-        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />
-
 </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

app/src/main/res/layout/activity_bowling_camera.xml

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <!--
-  Portrait (default) button arrangement: record button in a bottom bar,
-  back/switch-camera in the top corners. See res/layout-land/ for the
-  landscape variant, which moves the record button to a side column instead
-  - Android picks whichever of the two matches the current orientation
-  automatically, no code needed.
+  Portrait camera UI: clean layout without overlapping views,
+  retaining step counter at top center and compact coaching tips.
 -->
 <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
     xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
@@ -33,13 +30,18 @@
         app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@id/camera_preview"
         app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="@id/camera_preview" />
 
-    <!--
-      Recording indicator: red dot + elapsed timer, only visible while
-      recording. Anchored below btn_back (rather than parent's top) so the
-      two never overlap - btn_back is declared later in this file so it
-      draws on top, but ConstraintLayout resolves constraint references
-      regardless of declaration order, so this forward reference is fine.
-    -->
+    <!-- Top Left: Back Button -->
+    <Button
+        android:id="@+id/btn_back"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
+        android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
+        android:text="@string/back"
+        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
+        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />
+
+    <!-- Top Left: Recording Indicator (below Back Button) -->
     <LinearLayout
         android:id="@+id/layout_recording_indicator"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
@@ -47,8 +49,8 @@
         android:orientation="horizontal"
         android:gravity="center_vertical"
         android:background="@color/overlay_scrim"
-        android:paddingHorizontal="12dp"
-        android:paddingVertical="6dp"
+        android:paddingHorizontal="10dp"
+        android:paddingVertical="4dp"
         android:visibility="gone"
         tools:visibility="visible"
         app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_back"
@@ -58,35 +60,91 @@
 
         <View
             android:id="@+id/view_recording_dot"
-            android:layout_width="12dp"
-            android:layout_height="12dp"
+            android:layout_width="10dp"
+            android:layout_height="10dp"
             android:background="@drawable/shape_recording_dot" />
 
         <TextView
             android:id="@+id/text_timer"
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-            android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
+            android:layout_marginStart="6dp"
             android:text="@string/recording_timer_placeholder"
             android:textColor="@color/white"
-            android:textSize="16sp"
+            android:textSize="14sp"
             android:fontFamily="monospace" />
     </LinearLayout>
 
-    <!-- Live step counter: large and centered near the top so it's readable
-         at a glance mid-approach, unlike the small text this replaced.
-         Visibility tracks recording state the same as
-         layout_recording_indicator (see BowlingCameraActivity#renderRecordingState). -->
+    <!-- Top Left: Body Angles Readout (below Recording Indicator / Back Button) -->
+    <TextView
+        android:id="@+id/text_pose_metrics"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:background="@color/overlay_scrim"
+        android:paddingHorizontal="8dp"
+        android:paddingVertical="4dp"
+        android:textColor="@color/white"
+        android:textSize="12sp"
+        android:fontFamily="monospace"
+        android:visibility="gone"
+        tools:visibility="visible"
+        tools:text="Torso: 12° · Knee L: 168° R: 170°&#10;Elbow L: 85° R: 90°"
+        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/layout_recording_indicator"
+        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
+        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
+        android:layout_marginStart="16dp" />
+
+    <!-- Top Right Controls: Switch Camera & Settings Editor -->
+    <Button
+        android:id="@+id/btn_switch_camera"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
+        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
+        android:text="@string/switch_camera"
+        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
+        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" />
+
+    <Button
+        android:id="@+id/btn_editor"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
+        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
+        android:text="@string/editor_button"
+        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_switch_camera"
+        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" />
+
+    <!-- Top Right: Delivery Phase Badge (below Editor Button) -->
+    <TextView
+        android:id="@+id/text_pose_feedback"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:background="@color/overlay_scrim"
+        android:paddingHorizontal="10dp"
+        android:paddingVertical="4dp"
+        android:textColor="@color/white"
+        android:textSize="14sp"
+        android:textStyle="bold"
+        android:visibility="gone"
+        tools:visibility="visible"
+        tools:text="Get into starting stance"
+        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_editor"
+        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
+        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
+        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp" />
+
+    <!-- TOP MIDDLE: Step Counter Card (Primary Retained Element) -->
     <LinearLayout
         android:id="@+id/card_step_counter"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_marginTop="72dp"
+        android:layout_marginTop="56dp"
         android:orientation="vertical"
         android:gravity="center"
         android:background="@drawable/shape_step_counter_card"
-        android:paddingHorizontal="24dp"
-        android:paddingVertical="8dp"
+        android:paddingHorizontal="20dp"
+        android:paddingVertical="6dp"
         android:visibility="gone"
         tools:visibility="visible"
         app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
@@ -99,7 +157,7 @@
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
             android:text="@string/step_count_big_placeholder"
             android:textColor="@color/white"
-            android:textSize="40sp"
+            android:textSize="32sp"
             android:textStyle="bold" />
 
         <TextView
@@ -107,168 +165,57 @@
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
             android:text="@string/step_counter_label"
             android:textColor="@color/step_counter_accent"
-            android:textSize="12sp"
+            android:textSize="11sp"
             android:letterSpacing="0.15"
             android:textStyle="bold" />
     </LinearLayout>
 
-    <!-- Hold-to-reset gesture: always visible while recording so the
-         mechanism is discoverable (see LiveStepDetector's class doc for why
-         this replaced an automatic stillness-based reset), not just once
-         the bowler is mid-gesture. Text and progress both driven by
-         CameraViewModel.handRaiseProgress. -->
-    <LinearLayout
-        android:id="@+id/layout_reset_hint"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_marginBottom="12dp"
-        android:orientation="horizontal"
-        android:gravity="center_vertical"
-        android:background="@color/overlay_scrim"
-        android:paddingHorizontal="12dp"
-        android:paddingVertical="6dp"
-        android:visibility="gone"
-        tools:visibility="visible"
-        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/switch_pose"
-        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent">
-
-        <com.google.android.material.progressindicator.CircularProgressIndicator
-            android:id="@+id/progress_hand_raise"
-            android:layout_width="20dp"
-            android:layout_height="20dp"
-            android:indeterminate="false"
-            android:max="100"
-            android:progress="0"
-            app:indicatorSize="20dp"
-            app:trackThickness="3dp"
-            app:indicatorColor="@color/step_counter_accent"
-            app:trackColor="@color/white" />
-
-        <TextView
-            android:id="@+id/text_reset_hint"
-            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-            android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
-            android:text="@string/reset_hint_idle"
-            android:textColor="@color/white"
-            android:textSize="13sp" />
-    </LinearLayout>
-
-    <!-- Delivery-phase feedback (e.g. "Starting stance"), separate from the
-         step counter above - see CameraViewModel#posePhase. Shown whenever
-         pose detection is on, live preview or recording, unlike the step
-         counter which is recording-only. -->
-    <TextView
-        android:id="@+id/text_pose_feedback"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:background="@color/overlay_scrim"
-        android:paddingHorizontal="12dp"
-        android:paddingVertical="6dp"
-        android:textColor="@color/white"
-        android:textSize="20sp"
-        android:textStyle="bold"
-        android:visibility="gone"
-        tools:visibility="visible"
-        tools:text="Get into starting stance"
-        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_back"
-        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
-        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
-        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp" />
-
-    <!-- Raw torso/knee/elbow angle readout backing text_pose_feedback above
-         - see CameraViewModel#poseMetrics. Stacked directly below it. -->
-    <TextView
-        android:id="@+id/text_pose_metrics"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:background="@color/overlay_scrim"
-        android:paddingHorizontal="12dp"
-        android:paddingVertical="4dp"
-        android:textColor="@color/white"
-        android:textSize="14sp"
-        android:fontFamily="monospace"
-        android:visibility="gone"
-        tools:visibility="visible"
-        tools:text="Torso 12° · Knee L168° R170° · Elbow L85° R90°"
-        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/text_pose_feedback"
-        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
-        android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
-        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp" />
-        
-<!--    to only show when recording-->
-    <Button
-        android:id="@+id/btn_show_step"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:text="@string/pose_phase_waiting"
-        android:layout_marginBottom="128dp"
-        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />
-
-    <!-- Groups the step/final-position banner and the per-step form cue into
-         one centered vertical stack, anchored below the top corner buttons.
-         A LinearLayout (rather than each TextView chained to the other via
-         ConstraintLayout's toBottomOf) so a GONE child collapses cleanly.
-         Chaining directly had text_pose_feedback render at text_final_position's
-         collapsed (zero-height) position whenever the latter was hidden,
-         landing on top of the recording indicator instead of staying put. -->
+    <!-- CENTERED BELOW STEP COUNTER: Final Position & Live Coaching Cue -->
     <LinearLayout
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
         android:orientation="vertical"
         android:gravity="center_horizontal"
-        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_switch_camera"
+        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/card_step_counter"
         app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
         app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
-        android:layout_marginTop="16dp">
+        android:layout_marginTop="8dp">
 
-        <!-- Live "you're in your final position" banner, shown once the 5th
-             (final) foot-plant of the current attempt is detected (see
-             BowlingCameraActivity's stepEvents collector), cleared
-             automatically whenever the step count resets for the next attempt. -->
         <TextView
             android:id="@+id/text_final_position"
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
             android:background="@color/overlay_scrim"
-            android:paddingHorizontal="20dp"
-            android:paddingVertical="10dp"
+            android:paddingHorizontal="14dp"
+            android:paddingVertical="6dp"
             android:text="@string/final_position_reached"
             android:textColor="@color/final_position_highlight"
-            android:textSize="22sp"
+            android:textSize="16sp"
             android:textStyle="bold"
             android:visibility="gone"
             tools:visibility="visible" />
 
-        <!-- Live per-step form cue from PoseStageAdvisor (e.g. "Good
-             push-away", "Bend your sliding knee more"), see
-             CameraViewModel.poseStageFeedback. -->
         <TextView
-            android:id="@+id/text_pose_feedback"
+            android:id="@+id/text_pose_stage_feedback"
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-            android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
+            android:layout_marginTop="6dp"
             android:background="@color/overlay_scrim"
-            android:paddingHorizontal="16dp"
-            android:paddingVertical="6dp"
+            android:paddingHorizontal="12dp"
+            android:paddingVertical="4dp"
             android:textColor="@color/white"
-            android:textSize="16sp"
+            android:textSize="14sp"
             android:visibility="gone"
             tools:text="Good push-away"
             tools:visibility="visible" />
     </LinearLayout>
 
-    <!-- Live pose overlay + baked-in-recording toggle. Only togglable while
-         not recording (see BowlingCameraActivity#renderRecordingState) since
-         the recording pipeline picks its pose mode once at start. -->
+    <!-- BOTTOM CONTROLS: Pose Overlay Switch & Record Button -->
     <com.google.android.material.switchmaterial.SwitchMaterial
         android:id="@+id/switch_pose"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_marginBottom="32dp"
+        android:layout_marginBottom="24dp"
         android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
         android:text="@string/toggle_pose"
         android:textColor="@color/white"
@@ -281,38 +228,14 @@
         android:id="@+id/btn_record"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_marginBottom="32dp"
+        android:layout_marginBottom="24dp"
         android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
         android:text="@string/record"
         app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
         app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@id/switch_pose"
         app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" />
 
-    <!-- Overlaid on the preview itself so it's reachable while the camera UI is showing. -->
-    <Button
-        android:id="@+id/btn_switch_camera"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
-        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
-        android:text="@string/switch_camera"
-        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" />
-
-    <!-- Opens ParameterEditorActivity: only meaningful between recordings
-         (see ParameterEditorActivity's class doc; a save is picked up by
-         the *next* recording), so only shown while Idle. -->
-    <Button
-        android:id="@+id/btn_editor"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
-        android:layout_marginEnd="16dp"
-        android:text="@string/editor_button"
-        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_switch_camera"
-        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" />
-
-    <!-- Shown instead of the camera UI when CAMERA/RECORD_AUDIO aren't granted -->
+    <!-- Permission Rationale Screen -->
     <LinearLayout
         android:id="@+id/layout_permission_rationale"
         android:layout_width="match_parent"
@@ -345,16 +268,4 @@
             android:text="@string/grant_permissions" />
     </LinearLayout>
 
-    <!-- Declared last so it draws above the permission rationale screen too,
-         keeping a way back out of this Activity available in every state. -->
-    <Button
-        android:id="@+id/btn_back"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
-        android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
-        android:text="@string/back"
-        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
-        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />
-
 </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

app/src/main/res/layout/activity_parameter_editor.xml

@@ -92,44 +92,6 @@
                 android:textColor="@color/white" />
         </com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout>
 
-        <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout
-            android:id="@+id/field_hand_raise_hold_ms"
-            style="@style/Widget.MaterialComponents.TextInputLayout.OutlinedBox"
-            android:layout_width="match_parent"
-            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-            android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
-            android:hint="@string/editor_hold_ms_label"
-            app:helperText="@string/editor_hold_ms_help"
-            app:helperTextEnabled="true"
-            app:boxStrokeColor="@color/step_counter_accent"
-            app:hintTextColor="@color/step_counter_accent">
-
-            <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputEditText
-                android:layout_width="match_parent"
-                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-                android:inputType="number"
-                android:textColor="@color/white" />
-        </com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout>
-
-        <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout
-            android:id="@+id/field_hand_raise_margin_ratio"
-            style="@style/Widget.MaterialComponents.TextInputLayout.OutlinedBox"
-            android:layout_width="match_parent"
-            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-            android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
-            android:hint="@string/editor_margin_ratio_label"
-            app:helperText="@string/editor_margin_ratio_help"
-            app:helperTextEnabled="true"
-            app:boxStrokeColor="@color/step_counter_accent"
-            app:hintTextColor="@color/step_counter_accent">
-
-            <com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputEditText
-                android:layout_width="match_parent"
-                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-                android:inputType="numberDecimal"
-                android:textColor="@color/white" />
-        </com.google.android.material.textfield.TextInputLayout>
-
         <LinearLayout
             android:layout_width="match_parent"
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"

app/src/main/res/values/colors.xml

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
     <color name="skeleton_bone">#FF76FF03</color>
     <color name="overlay_scrim">#99000000</color>
     <color name="step_counter_accent">#FF03DAC5</color>
-    <color name="Starting_stance_waiting">#CC00C853</color> //green
-    <color name="Starting_stance_ready">#CCFFA000</color> //orange
-    <color name="Approach_ready">#CC2196F3</color> //blue
-    <color name="Pushaway_ready">#FFFFD600</color> //yellow/gold
+    <color name="Starting_stance_waiting">#CC00C853</color> <!-- green -->
+    <color name="Starting_stance_ready">#CCFFA000</color> <!-- orange -->
+    <color name="Approach_ready">#CC2196F3</color> <!-- blue -->
+    <color name="Pushaway_ready">#FFFFD600</color> <!-- yellow/gold -->
     <color name="final_position_highlight">#FFFFD600</color>
 </resources>

app/src/main/res/values/strings.xml

@@ -57,5 +57,5 @@
     <string name="end_position">End Position</string>
     <string name="pose_phase_approach">Approach</string>
     <string name="pose_phase_pushaway">Pushaway</string>
-    <string name="pose_metrics_format">Torso: %1$s | L Knee: %2$s | R Knee: %3$s | L Elbow: %4$s | R Elbow: %5$s</string>
+    <string name="pose_metrics_format">Torso: %1$s · Knee L: %2$s R: %3$s\nElbow L: %4$s R: %5$s</string>
 </resources>

app/src/test/java/com/example/jnicpp/bowling/LiveStepDetectorTest.kt

@@ -80,20 +80,14 @@ class LiveStepDetectorTest {
     }
 
     /**
-     * The reset gesture: raising a wrist above its shoulder (past
-     * handRaiseMarginRatio's margin -- 15px at this test's torsoScale of
-     * 300) and holding it there for the full handRaiseHoldMs (5000ms
-     * default) should reset the count to zero. Ankle/hip carry the same
-     * small per-frame jitter as stalledFramesDoNotResetAnInProgressCount's
-     * frozen-frame check needs to *not* trigger on, since only the
-     * ankle/hip fields feed isStalledFrame -- the wrist itself can safely
-     * stay perfectly constant.
+     * Holding the starting position stance continuously for > 2000 ms should
+     * reset the step count to zero.
      */
     @Test
-    fun handRaiseHeldForFullDurationResets() {
+    fun startingStanceHeldFor2SecondsResets() {
         val detector = LiveStepDetector()
 
-        // Amplitude 60px -- see the comment in stalledFramesDoNotResetAnInProgressCount.
+        // Count a step
         detector.update(frame(0, ankleL = 1000f, ankleR = 700f, hipX = 400f, hipY = 800f))
         detector.update(frame(50, ankleL = 1060f, ankleR = 700f, hipX = 402f, hipY = 802f))
         val afterStep = detector.update(frame(100, ankleL = 1000f, ankleR = 700f, hipX = 405f, hipY = 805f))
@@ -101,111 +95,20 @@ class LiveStepDetectorTest {
 
         var result = afterStep
         var sawReset = false
-        var y = 805f
         var t = 150L
-        // Holds a raised left wrist (y=300, well past the 500-15=485
-        // threshold) continuously from t=150 through past the 5000ms hold
-        // requirement.
-        while (t <= 5300L) {
-            y += if ((t / 200L) % 2L == 0L) 0.3f else -0.3f
+
+        // Hold in starting position for 2200 ms with slight landmark micro-jitter
+        while (t <= 2400L) {
+            val yJitter = 805f + if ((t / 100L) % 2L == 0L) 0.2f else -0.2f
             result = detector.update(
-                frame(t, ankleL = 1000f + (y - 805f), ankleR = 700f, hipX = 405f, hipY = y, leftWristY = 300f)
+                frame(t, ankleL = 1000f, ankleR = 700f, hipX = 405f, hipY = yJitter),
+                isStartingPosition = true
             )
             if (result.wasReset) sawReset = true
-            t += 200L
+            t += 100L
         }
 
-        assertEquals("holding the raised-hand gesture for the full duration should reset", true, sawReset)
-        assertEquals(0, result.stepCount)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Control case for the same gesture: raising a hand but dropping it
-     * before the hold duration completes should never reset, even after
-     * recording continues well past when the original hold would have
-     * finished -- a drop restarts the hold from zero rather than pausing
-     * and resuming it.
-     */
-    @Test
-    fun droppingHandBeforeFullDurationNeverResets() {
-        val detector = LiveStepDetector()
-
-        detector.update(frame(0, ankleL = 1000f, ankleR = 700f, hipX = 400f, hipY = 800f))
-        detector.update(frame(50, ankleL = 1060f, ankleR = 700f, hipX = 402f, hipY = 802f))
-        val afterStep = detector.update(frame(100, ankleL = 1000f, ankleR = 700f, hipX = 405f, hipY = 805f))
-        assertEquals(1, afterStep.stepCount)
-
-        var result = afterStep
-        var y = 805f
-        var t = 150L
-        // Raise for 2s, well under the 5s hold requirement.
-        while (t <= 2100L) {
-            y += if ((t / 200L) % 2L == 0L) 0.3f else -0.3f
-            result = detector.update(
-                frame(t, ankleL = 1000f + (y - 805f), ankleR = 700f, hipX = 405f, hipY = y, leftWristY = 300f)
-            )
-            t += 200L
-        }
-        // Drop the hand and keep recording for 4s more -- past where the
-        // original hold would have completed at t=5150.
-        while (t <= 6200L) {
-            y += if ((t / 200L) % 2L == 0L) 0.3f else -0.3f
-            result = detector.update(frame(t, ankleL = 1000f + (y - 805f), ankleR = 700f, hipX = 405f, hipY = y))
-            t += 200L
-        }
-
-        assertEquals(false, result.wasReset)
-        assertEquals(1, result.stepCount)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Reproduces the real failure found on a device recording: the bowler
-     * held the gesture for 4.35 of the required 5 seconds (progress
-     * climbing perfectly smoothly the whole way, so this was a genuine,
-     * deliberate hold, not jitter), then one frame read as "not raised" --
-     * a natural arm wobble, not a dropped attempt -- and progress fell
-     * straight back to zero. That happened on every one of five attempts
-     * in that recording; none ever completed. A brief drop (under the
-     * 500ms default grace period) should no longer restart the hold.
-     */
-    @Test
-    fun briefDropDuringHoldDoesNotResetProgress() {
-        val detector = LiveStepDetector()
-
-        detector.update(frame(0, ankleL = 1000f, ankleR = 700f, hipX = 400f, hipY = 800f))
-        detector.update(frame(50, ankleL = 1060f, ankleR = 700f, hipX = 402f, hipY = 802f))
-        val afterStep = detector.update(frame(100, ankleL = 1000f, ankleR = 700f, hipX = 405f, hipY = 805f))
-        assertEquals(1, afterStep.stepCount)
-
-        var result = afterStep
-        var y = 805f
-        var t = 150L
-        // Hold for 2s.
-        while (t <= 2100L) {
-            y += if ((t / 200L) % 2L == 0L) 0.3f else -0.3f
-            result = detector.update(
-                frame(t, ankleL = 1000f + (y - 805f), ankleR = 700f, hipX = 405f, hipY = y, leftWristY = 300f)
-            )
-            t += 200L
-        }
-        // One frame's momentary dip -- hand reads as not-raised for a
-        // single 200ms tick, well inside the 500ms grace period.
-        y += 0.3f
-        result = detector.update(frame(t, ankleL = 1000f + (y - 805f), ankleR = 700f, hipX = 405f, hipY = y))
-        t += 200L
-
-        var sawReset = false
-        // Resume raising and continue through the full hold duration.
-        while (t <= 5300L) {
-            y += if ((t / 200L) % 2L == 0L) 0.3f else -0.3f
-            result = detector.update(
-                frame(t, ankleL = 1000f + (y - 805f), ankleR = 700f, hipX = 405f, hipY = y, leftWristY = 300f)
-            )
-            if (result.wasReset) sawReset = true
-            t += 200L
-        }
-
-        assertEquals("a brief drop within the grace period should not restart the hold", true, sawReset)
+        assertEquals("holding starting position for > 2 seconds should reset", true, sawReset)
         assertEquals(0, result.stepCount)
     }
 
@@ -231,12 +134,7 @@ class LiveStepDetectorTest {
             180L to 601f, 210L to 599f, 240L to 600f, 270L to 601f, 300L to 599f, 330L to 600f,
             360L to 580f, 390L to 560f, 420L to 540f, 450L to 520f, 480L to 500f
         )
-        var result = LiveStepDetector.Result(0, emptyList(), false, 0f)
-        // Hip drifts steadily throughout (a real bowler's hip keeps moving
-        // during the approach) -- constant hip position would itself read
-        // as a held "ready" stance once enough time elapses and wipe out
-        // the very step this test is confirming, before the assertion below
-        // even runs.
+        var result = LiveStepDetector.Result(0, emptyList(), false)
         for ((t, y) in firstCycle) {
             result = detector.update(frame(t, ankleL = y, ankleR = 700f, hipX = 400f, hipY = 800f + t * 0.05f))
         }
@@ -254,17 +152,11 @@ class LiveStepDetectorTest {
         assertEquals("second plateaued peak should also confirm", 2, result.stepCount)
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Control case for the same fix: pure jitter that never moves more than
-     * a few pixels from baseline (well under the 45px threshold at this
-     * torsoScale) should never be read as a step, however long it runs --
-     * the running-extremum tracker isn't just trigger-happy on any wiggle.
-     */
     @Test
     fun jitterBelowThresholdNeverConfirms() {
         val detector = LiveStepDetector()
 
-        var result = LiveStepDetector.Result(0, emptyList(), false, 0f)
+        var result = LiveStepDetector.Result(0, emptyList(), false)
         var y = 600f
         var t = 0L
         val deltas = floatArrayOf(3f, -5f, 2f, -1f, 6f, -4f, 1f, -2f, 4f, -3f)
@@ -277,48 +169,18 @@ class LiveStepDetectorTest {
         assertEquals(0, result.stepCount)
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Reproduces the over-counting bug found on a real device trace where
-     * the bowler's torso scale was ~45-79px (small/distant subject in
-     * frame) rather than the ~300px used elsewhere in this file: single-frame
-     * ankle-y jumps of 15-88px showed up dozens of times in that trace --
-     * physically implausible movement in one ~30-60ms frame at that scale
-     * -- and each got read as its own step, running the live counter to 27
-     * "steps" in 24 seconds of a recording with 5 real steps. A prominence
-     * floor can't fix this: that same recording's genuine footfalls had as
-     * little as ~10-12px of prominence, smaller than the glitch jumps
-     * themselves, so no fixed threshold can separate the two by amplitude
-     * alone -- confirmed separately by replaying both a floored and an
-     * unfloored threshold against a clean reference recording with a known
-     * step count, where flooring high enough to reject the glitch jumps
-     * also rejected 4 of the 5 real steps. The actual fix instead rejects
-     * any one frame whose ankle-y moved further than maxFrameJumpRatio *
-     * torsoScale since the last *trusted* reading, before it ever reaches
-     * the peak tracker.
-     */
     @Test
     fun implausibleSingleFrameJumpNeverConfirms() {
         val detector = LiveStepDetector()
-        // shoulder is fixed at (400,500) -- see frame() -- so hipY=455
-        // gives a shoulder-to-hip distance of 45, matching the real trace's
-        // median torsoScale. maxFrameJumpRatio defaults to 0.25, so
-        // anything over 11.25px in one frame from the last trusted reading
-        // gets rejected outright.
         val hipY = 455f
 
-        var result = LiveStepDetector.Result(0, emptyList(), false, 0f)
+        var result = LiveStepDetector.Result(0, emptyList(), false)
         var t = 0L
-        // Establish a trusted baseline.
         result = detector.update(frame(t, ankleL = 400f, ankleR = 700f, hipX = 400f, hipY = hipY))
         t += 30L
         result = detector.update(frame(t, ankleL = 402f, ankleR = 700f, hipX = 400f, hipY = hipY))
         t += 30L
 
-        // A single implausible spike -- 80px in one frame -- then straight
-        // back. Before the outlier gate, this pair alone was enough to
-        // read as a confirmed peak: the spike became the running high, and
-        // the drop right back down cleared the (much smaller) ratio-only
-        // prominence threshold at this torso scale.
         result = detector.update(frame(t, ankleL = 482f, ankleR = 700f, hipX = 400f, hipY = hipY))
         t += 30L
         result = detector.update(frame(t, ankleL = 403f, ankleR = 700f, hipX = 400f, hipY = hipY))
@@ -327,23 +189,13 @@ class LiveStepDetectorTest {
         assertEquals("an implausible single-frame jump should never read as a step", 0, result.stepCount)
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Control case for the same fix: genuine motion at the same small
-     * torso scale, arriving gradually (each frame's move well within
-     * maxFrameJumpRatio) rather than as one implausible jump, should still
-     * confirm -- the outlier gate isn't just disabling small-scale
-     * detection outright.
-     */
     @Test
     fun gradualMotionAtSmallTorsoScaleStillConfirms() {
         val detector = LiveStepDetector()
-        val hipY = 455f // torsoScale = 45, same as the test above.
+        val hipY = 455f
 
-        var result = LiveStepDetector.Result(0, emptyList(), false, 0f)
+        var result = LiveStepDetector.Result(0, emptyList(), false)
         var t = 0L
-        // Rises from 400 to 460 in 10px steps (well under the 11.25px
-        // per-frame outlier cutoff), holds, then descends the same way --
-        // a 60px prominence, comfortably past the 6.75px ratio threshold.
         val path = listOf(400f, 410f, 420f, 430f, 440f, 450f, 460f, 450f, 440f, 430f, 420f, 410f, 400f)
         for (y in path) {
             result = detector.update(frame(t, ankleL = y, ankleR = 700f, hipX = 400f, hipY = hipY))