PinPoint/app/src/main/java/com/example/jnicpp/bowling/CameraViewModel.kt

/**
 * @file CameraViewModel.kt
 * @brief UI/recording state machine and pose-data buffering for the bowling camera screen.
 */
package com.example.jnicpp.bowling

import android.app.Application
import androidx.lifecycle.AndroidViewModel
import androidx.lifecycle.viewModelScope
import kotlinx.coroutines.Job
import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableSharedFlow
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableStateFlow
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.SharedFlow
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.StateFlow
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.asSharedFlow
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.asStateFlow
import kotlinx.coroutines.isActive
import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
import kotlin.time.Duration.Companion.seconds

/**
 * @brief Holds camera/recording UI state so it survives configuration
 *        changes and so the state machine lives outside the Activity.
 *
 * This class knows nothing about CameraX or ML Kit APIs directly --
 * [BowlingCameraActivity] and [CameraXController] report events into it,
 * and the UI observes it back out. That keeps this class trivially
 * unit-testable (no Android camera framework involved).
 *
 * Extends [AndroidViewModel] rather than a plain ViewModel solely to reach
 * an Application [android.content.Context] for [DetectorSettings.load] --
 * see [onRecordingStarting].
 */
class CameraViewModel(application: Application) : AndroidViewModel(application) {

    /** @brief The camera screen's overall recording state. */
    sealed interface RecordingState {
        /** @brief No recording in progress or starting. */
        data object Idle : RecordingState
        /** @brief A recording has been requested but hasn't started writing yet. */
        data object Starting : RecordingState
        /** @brief A recording is actively being written. @param elapsedSeconds Seconds elapsed since recording started. */
        data class Recording(val elapsedSeconds: Long) : RecordingState
    }

    private val _recordingState = MutableStateFlow<RecordingState>(RecordingState.Idle)
    /** @brief Current recording state, observed by the UI to drive button/timer/indicator visibility. */
    val recordingState: StateFlow<RecordingState> = _recordingState.asStateFlow()

    // Whether live pose detection/overlay is on. Only meant to change while
    // recordingState is Idle -- the UI disables the toggle otherwise (see
    // BowlingCameraActivity#renderRecordingState) since the recording
    // pipeline picks its pose mode once at start.
    private val _poseEnabled = MutableStateFlow(value = false)
    /** @brief Whether pose detection/overlay is currently enabled. */
    val poseEnabled: StateFlow<Boolean> = _poseEnabled.asStateFlow()

    // Latest per-frame joint angles, for the overlay's angle-label text now
    // and for frame-by-frame swing analysis/logging later. Null whenever
    // there's no current pose result to derive them from (pose off, no
    // frame processed yet, or a frame with no landmarks that met the
    // confidence bar -- see PoseAngleCalculator).
    private val _poseAngles = MutableStateFlow<PoseAngles?>(null)
    /** @brief Joint angles computed for the most recent analyzed frame, or null if none available. */
    @Suppress("unused")
    val poseAngles: StateFlow<PoseAngles?> = _poseAngles.asStateFlow()

    // Pose-frame buffering and live step counting for the current/most
    // recent recording session -- see StepCountingSession's class doc for
    // why this lives in its own class rather than inline here. Frames only
    // flow into it while actually recording (see onPoseFrameUpdated) -- a
    // live preview with pose overlay on but not recording doesn't feed it.
    private val stepCountingSession = StepCountingSession()
    /** @brief Time-ordered pose samples buffered for the current/most recent recording session. */
    val poseFrames: List<PoseFrame> get() = stepCountingSession.poseFrames

    // Live delivery-phase classification (starting stance, approach, etc)
    private val posePhaseDetector = PosePhaseDetector()
    private val _posePhase = MutableStateFlow<BowlingPhase?>(null)
    //The bowler's current delivery phase, or null if no phase currently validates.
    val posePhase: StateFlow<BowlingPhase?> = _posePhase.asStateFlow()

    // Raw torso/knee/elbow angle readings behind posePhase above, for
    // showing the bowler the actual numbers rather than just a pass/fail
    // signal -- see PosePhaseDetector.Metrics.
    private val _poseMetrics = MutableStateFlow<PosePhaseDetector.Metrics?>(null)
    //This frame's torso/knee/elbow angle readings, or null if pose detection is off.
    val poseMetrics: StateFlow<PosePhaseDetector.Metrics?> = _poseMetrics.asStateFlow()

    /** @brief Steps detected so far in the current attempt, since the last reset. */
    val stepEvents: StateFlow<List<StepEvent>> get() = stepCountingSession.stepEvents

    // Live "how's my form right now" cue for whichever step is currently in
    // progress -- see PoseStageAdvisor. Recomputed every frame alongside
    // stepEvents so it's always tied to the same step count the UI already
    // shows, and cleared on the same resets stepEvents is.
    private val _poseStageFeedback = MutableStateFlow<String?>(null)
    /** @brief Live form feedback for the current step, or null if there's nothing to say yet. */
    val poseStageFeedback: StateFlow<String?> = _poseStageFeedback.asStateFlow()

    private val _permissionsGranted = MutableStateFlow(value = false)
    /** @brief Whether all required camera/microphone/storage permissions are currently granted. */
    @Suppress("unused")
    val permissionsGranted: StateFlow<Boolean> = _permissionsGranted.asStateFlow()

    // One-shot user-facing error messages (camera unavailable, detector
    // failure, storage failure, ...). SharedFlow, not StateFlow, so the same
    // error doesn't get replayed and re-shown after a config change.
    private val _errorEvents = MutableSharedFlow<String>(extraBufferCapacity = 4)
    /** @brief One-shot user-facing error messages, e.g. for a Toast/Snackbar. */
    val errorEvents: SharedFlow<String> = _errorEvents.asSharedFlow()

    private var timerJob: Job? = null

    /**
     * @brief Records the result of a runtime permission request.
     * @param granted true if all required permissions were granted.
     */
    fun onPermissionsResult(granted: Boolean) {
        _permissionsGranted.value = granted
    }

    /**
     * @brief Toggles live pose detection/overlay on or off.
     * @param enabled true to enable pose detection/overlay, false to disable.
     */
    fun onPoseToggled(enabled: Boolean) {
        _poseEnabled.value = enabled
        if (!enabled) {
            _poseAngles.value = null
            posePhaseDetector.reset()
            _posePhase.value = null
            _poseMetrics.value = null
        }
    }

    /**
     * @brief Reports one analyzed frame's landmarks and joint angles.
     *
     * Always updates the live angle overlay. Buffering into [poseFrames]
     * and live step counting are scoped to an actual recording (see
     * [poseFrames]'s doc), so a preview with pose overlay on but not
     * recording doesn't silently accumulate frames outside any session.
     *
     * @param landmarks EMA-smoothed landmarks for this frame, keyed by ML Kit's `PoseLandmark` type constant.
     * @param angles Joint angles computed for this same frame.
     */
    fun onPoseFrameUpdated(landmarks: Map<Int, SmoothedLandmark>, angles: PoseAngles) {
        _poseAngles.value = angles

        // Update pose phase detector with this frame's landmarks and angles (independent of step counter)
        val phaseResult = posePhaseDetector.update(landmarks, angles)
        _posePhase.value = phaseResult.phase
        _poseMetrics.value = phaseResult.metrics

        // Check if the current pose matches the Starting Stance (pure posture query)
        val isStartingStance = (phaseResult.phase == BowlingPhase.STARTING_STANCE)
                || posePhaseDetector.isStartingStanceValid(phaseResult.metrics)

        if (_recordingState.value is RecordingState.Recording) {
            stepCountingSession.onFrame(
                landmarks = landmarks,
                angles = angles,
                timestampMs = System.currentTimeMillis(),
                isStartingPosition = isStartingStance,
            )
            val currentStepCount = stepEvents.value.size
            _poseStageFeedback.value = PoseStageAdvisor.feedback(
                stepNumber = currentStepCount.takeIf { it > 0 },
                angles = angles,
            )
        }
    }

    /** @brief Manually resets step counting state for the current recording session. */
    fun resetStepCounter() {
        stepCountingSession.resetStepCounter()
        _poseStageFeedback.value = null
    }

    /**
     * @brief Marks a recording as being requested and resets all
     *        per-session buffering/detection state.
     *
     * Reloads [DetectorSettings] fresh here (rather than once at
     * construction) so a tuning change made in [ParameterEditorActivity]
     * takes effect on the very next recording, without needing to
     * restart this screen.
     */
    fun onRecordingStarting() {
        _recordingState.value = RecordingState.Starting
        stepCountingSession.startNewSession(DetectorSettings.load(getApplication()))
        /*poseFrameBuffer.clear()
        ankleHipSmoother.reset()
        liveStepDetector.reset()
        _stepEvents.value = emptyList()
        _poseStageFeedback.value = null*/
    }

    /** @brief Marks a recording as actively writing and starts the elapsed-time timer. */
    fun onRecordingStarted() {
        timerJob?.cancel()
        timerJob = viewModelScope.launch {
            var seconds = 0L
            while (isActive) {
                _recordingState.value = RecordingState.Recording(seconds)
                delay(1.seconds)
                seconds++
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @brief Marks the current recording as finished and stops the elapsed-time timer.
     *
     * [stepEvents] is left as whatever [LiveStepDetector] had already
     * counted live -- it already reflects the last in-progress attempt's
     * steps, and a fresh [StepDetector.detect] batch pass over the whole
     * buffer here would ignore any mid-recording resets and overcount
     * across separate attempts.
     */
    fun onRecordingStopped() {
        timerJob?.cancel()
        timerJob = null
        _recordingState.value = RecordingState.Idle
    }

    /**
     * @brief Surfaces a one-shot error message to the UI, and clears a
     *        stuck recording indicator if one was in progress.
     *
     * A failed start/stop shouldn't leave the UI stuck showing a recording
     * indicator that no longer reflects reality.
     *
     * @param message Human-readable error message to surface.
     */
    fun postError(message: String) {
        _errorEvents.tryEmit(message)
        if (_recordingState.value != RecordingState.Idle) {
            onRecordingStopped()
        }
    }

    /** @brief Cancels the elapsed-time timer when this ViewModel is destroyed. */
    override fun onCleared() {
        timerJob?.cancel()
    }
}