PinPoint/app/src/main/java/com/example/jnicpp/bowling/CameraViewModel.kt

/**
 * @file CameraViewModel.kt
 * @brief UI/recording state machine and pose-data buffering for the bowling camera screen.
 */
package com.example.jnicpp.bowling

import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel
import androidx.lifecycle.viewModelScope
import kotlinx.coroutines.Job
import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableSharedFlow
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableStateFlow
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.SharedFlow
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.StateFlow
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.asSharedFlow
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.asStateFlow
import kotlinx.coroutines.isActive
import kotlinx.coroutines.launch

/**
 * @brief Holds camera/recording UI state so it survives configuration
 *        changes and so the state machine lives outside the Activity.
 *
 * This class knows nothing about CameraX or ML Kit APIs directly --
 * [BowlingCameraActivity] and [CameraXController] report events into it,
 * and the UI observes it back out. That keeps this class trivially
 * unit-testable (no Android camera framework involved).
 */
class CameraViewModel : ViewModel() {

    /** @brief The camera screen's overall recording state. */
    sealed interface RecordingState {
        /** @brief No recording in progress or starting. */
        data object Idle : RecordingState
        /** @brief A recording has been requested but hasn't started writing yet. */
        data object Starting : RecordingState
        /** @brief A recording is actively being written. @param elapsedSeconds Seconds elapsed since recording started. */
        data class Recording(val elapsedSeconds: Long) : RecordingState
    }

    private val _recordingState = MutableStateFlow<RecordingState>(RecordingState.Idle)
    /** @brief Current recording state, observed by the UI to drive button/timer/indicator visibility. */
    val recordingState: StateFlow<RecordingState> = _recordingState.asStateFlow()

    // Whether live pose detection/overlay is on. Only meant to change while
    // recordingState is Idle -- the UI disables the toggle otherwise (see
    // BowlingCameraActivity#renderRecordingState) since the recording
    // pipeline picks its pose mode once at start.
    private val _poseEnabled = MutableStateFlow(false)
    /** @brief Whether pose detection/overlay is currently enabled. */
    val poseEnabled: StateFlow<Boolean> = _poseEnabled.asStateFlow()

    // Latest per-frame joint angles, for the overlay's angle-label text now
    // and for frame-by-frame swing analysis/logging later. Null whenever
    // there's no current pose result to derive them from (pose off, no
    // frame processed yet, or a frame with no landmarks that met the
    // confidence bar -- see PoseAngleCalculator).
    private val _poseAngles = MutableStateFlow<PoseAngles?>(null)
    /** @brief Joint angles computed for the most recent analyzed frame, or null if none available. */
    val poseAngles: StateFlow<PoseAngles?> = _poseAngles.asStateFlow()

    // Time-ordered pose samples for the current/most recent recording
    // session, one appended per analyzed frame while actually recording
    // (see onPoseFrameUpdated) -- a live preview with pose overlay on but
    // not recording doesn't fill this. Cleared at the start of each new
    // recording (see onRecordingStarting). Exposed as a read-only snapshot;
    // StepDetector.detect() consumes it once a recording finishes (see
    // onRecordingStopped).
    private val poseFrameBuffer = mutableListOf<PoseFrame>()
    /** @brief Time-ordered pose samples buffered for the current/most recent recording session. */
    val poseFrames: List<PoseFrame> get() = poseFrameBuffer

    // Extra SMA smoothing for ankle/hip landmarks specifically, on top of
    // PoseLandmarkSmoother's per-frame EMA -- see AnkleHipMovingAverageFilter.
    // Reset (not replaced) alongside the buffer so a new session's window
    // doesn't lerp in from the previous one's last few frames.
    private val ankleHipSmoother = AnkleHipMovingAverageFilter()

    // Live, incremental step counting for the current recording -- see
    // LiveStepDetector. Resets itself mid-recording when the bowler holds
    // a stationary "ready" stance again, so one recording can capture
    // several practice approaches back to back.
    private val liveStepDetector = LiveStepDetector()

    // Steps detected so far in the current attempt (since the last reset,
    // whether that reset was a new recording starting or the bowler
    // returning to a stationary stance mid-recording -- see
    // onPoseFrameUpdated and LiveStepDetector). The UI reads events.size
    // as the "Step N" counter. Stays populated after recording stops so
    // the last attempt's count remains visible.
    private val _stepEvents = MutableStateFlow<List<StepEvent>>(emptyList())
    /** @brief Steps detected so far in the current attempt, since the last reset. */
    val stepEvents: StateFlow<List<StepEvent>> = _stepEvents.asStateFlow()

    private val _permissionsGranted = MutableStateFlow(false)
    /** @brief Whether all required camera/microphone/storage permissions are currently granted. */
    val permissionsGranted: StateFlow<Boolean> = _permissionsGranted.asStateFlow()

    // One-shot user-facing error messages (camera unavailable, detector
    // failure, storage failure, ...). SharedFlow, not StateFlow, so the same
    // error doesn't get replayed and re-shown after a config change.
    private val _errorEvents = MutableSharedFlow<String>(extraBufferCapacity = 4)
    /** @brief One-shot user-facing error messages, e.g. for a Toast/Snackbar. */
    val errorEvents: SharedFlow<String> = _errorEvents.asSharedFlow()

    private var timerJob: Job? = null

    /**
     * @brief Records the result of a runtime permission request.
     * @param granted true if all required permissions were granted.
     */
    fun onPermissionsResult(granted: Boolean) {
        _permissionsGranted.value = granted
    }

    /**
     * @brief Toggles live pose detection/overlay on or off.
     * @param enabled true to enable pose detection/overlay, false to disable.
     */
    fun onPoseToggled(enabled: Boolean) {
        _poseEnabled.value = enabled
        if (!enabled) _poseAngles.value = null
    }

    /**
     * @brief Reports one analyzed frame's landmarks and joint angles.
     *
     * Always updates the live angle overlay. Buffering into [poseFrames]
     * and live step counting are scoped to an actual recording (see
     * [poseFrames]'s doc), so a preview with pose overlay on but not
     * recording doesn't silently accumulate frames outside any session.
     *
     * @param landmarks EMA-smoothed landmarks for this frame, keyed by ML Kit's `PoseLandmark` type constant.
     * @param angles Joint angles computed for this same frame.
     */
    fun onPoseFrameUpdated(landmarks: Map<Int, SmoothedLandmark>, angles: PoseAngles) {
        _poseAngles.value = angles
        if (_recordingState.value is RecordingState.Recording) {
            val smoothedAnkleHip = ankleHipSmoother.smooth(landmarks)
            val frame = buildPoseFrame(
                timestampMs = System.currentTimeMillis(),
                landmarks = landmarks,
                smoothedAnkleHip = smoothedAnkleHip,
                angles = angles
            )
            poseFrameBuffer.add(frame)

            val result = liveStepDetector.update(frame)
            if (result.wasReset) {
                _stepEvents.value = emptyList()
            }
            if (result.newSteps.isNotEmpty()) {
                _stepEvents.value = _stepEvents.value + result.newSteps
            }
        }
    }

    /** @brief Marks a recording as being requested and resets all per-session buffering/detection state. */
    fun onRecordingStarting() {
        _recordingState.value = RecordingState.Starting
        poseFrameBuffer.clear()
        ankleHipSmoother.reset()
        liveStepDetector.reset()
        _stepEvents.value = emptyList()
    }

    /** @brief Marks a recording as actively writing and starts the elapsed-time timer. */
    fun onRecordingStarted() {
        timerJob?.cancel()
        timerJob = viewModelScope.launch {
            var seconds = 0L
            while (isActive) {
                _recordingState.value = RecordingState.Recording(seconds)
                delay(1000)
                seconds++
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @brief Marks the current recording as finished and stops the elapsed-time timer.
     *
     * [stepEvents] is left as whatever [LiveStepDetector] had already
     * counted live -- it already reflects the last in-progress attempt's
     * steps, and a fresh [StepDetector.detect] batch pass over the whole
     * buffer here would ignore any mid-recording resets and overcount
     * across separate attempts.
     */
    fun onRecordingStopped() {
        timerJob?.cancel()
        timerJob = null
        _recordingState.value = RecordingState.Idle
    }

    /**
     * @brief Surfaces a one-shot error message to the UI, and clears a
     *        stuck recording indicator if one was in progress.
     *
     * A failed start/stop shouldn't leave the UI stuck showing a recording
     * indicator that no longer reflects reality.
     *
     * @param message Human-readable error message to surface.
     */
    fun postError(message: String) {
        _errorEvents.tryEmit(message)
        if (_recordingState.value != RecordingState.Idle) {
            onRecordingStopped()
        }
    }

    /** @brief Cancels the elapsed-time timer when this ViewModel is destroyed. */
    override fun onCleared() {
        super.onCleared()
        timerJob?.cancel()
    }
}